Khaled El-Metwally

This paper presents a review of the design parameters, mathematical techniques and simulations used in the design of parabolic trough solar systems, along with a review on their applications. Recent studies that analyze the deployment of solar parabolic trough collectors (SPTC) in different countries and the operational SPTC plants are also presented and discussed. The paper also discusses the different kinds of software and test methods of solar collectors developed since 1981 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques. In particular, since the mathematical models are especially required for the design, analysis, testing and validation of the systems results as they provide an approximation of the dynamic behavior of the physical properties of the system, they are discussed in depth. The mathematical models allow the calculation of different parameters of the solar parabolic trough system, the angle of inclination of the collecting surface and the forces acting on the system. The validity and experimental validation of the major mathematical models on practical solar parabolic trough concentrators, receivers and other components of different dimension are also reviewed. The paper showed the optical efficiency values are close to 63% and the theoretical peak optical efficiency reached 75%.

In this paper, a feasibility study is carried out in order to investigate the description, working principles of the solar parabolic dish systems worldwide, and their potential use in some countries are given. A study of the system is presented, which able to show the performance of the system and accounting for the main technical aspects of the concentrator, receiver and Stirling engine. The study reviews the parabolic solar dish technologies and the design factors adapted in different applications such as material of the reflector concentrators, shape of the reflector concentrators and the receiver, solar radiation at the concentrator, diameter of the parabolic dish concentrator, sizing the aperture area of concentrator, focal length of the parabolic dish, the focal point diameter, sizing the aperture area of receiver, geometric concentration ratio, and rim angle. In order to identify the optimum design feasible option for installation of the solar dish plants, the technical characteristics of some implemented solar dishes worldwide are presented. The study take into consideration available solar potential and the different designs of solar dishes.

This study presents a design method of power system stabilisers (PSSs) to damp system oscillations. The design is based on fuzzy logic and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. The design guarantees a robust pole placement in a desired region in the complex plane for different loading conditions. Due to system non-linearity and load dependency, the whole wide range of operating condition is divided into three subregions. For each subregion, a norm-bounded uncertainty linear model is developed and a robust LMI-based pole placer is designed considering controller constraint. Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is used to guarantee smoothly switching between the LMI-based controllers of the three subregions. The proposed technique avoids solving many LMIs as in the polytypic approach and avoids the infeasibility problem that might arise from solving the LMIs for the complete region of operation. In addition, the proposed fuzzy logic switching controller has reduced drastically the fuzzy rules due to the use of two-dimensional (2D) membership functions. Particle swarm optimisation is used to tune the proposed 2D membership functions to guarantee smooth switching of the controllers while maintaining the desired constraints. The simulation results of both single-machine and multi-machine power systems confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PSS design.

This paper presents a review of tilt angle and azimuth angles in solar energy applications. The paper involves an overview of design parameter, applications, simulations and mathematical techniques covering different usage application. The number of references analysing the tilt angle deployment in the context of the research papers of the different countries currently having operations in solar systems is much more significant. Different kinds of models and test methods of optimum tilt angle in different solar systems have been developed since 1956 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques as shown in the latest researches. The mathematical models allows the calculation of different parameters of the solar radiation, the angle of inclination, and the optimum tilt angle of the collecting surface and the effects acting on the system.

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