Basic Science Sector

Background: Ketamine has immunomodulating effects both in vitro and in vivo during experimental endotoxemia in humans, rodents, and dogs.

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This study deals with the ciliary ganglion of three species of birds belonging to three different orders and families. The fully formed embryos are collected from the fertilized eggs in lab. The heads were fixed, embedded in paraffin, then sectioned serially and stained. The ciliary ganglia were examined by the light microscope.

Theileriaequi is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite and one of the causative agents of equinepiroplasmosis. Blood is collected from a total of 100 horses. Three diagnostic methods: microscopicalexamination, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were comparedin detecting T. equi. The results showed that the prevalence rate of T. equi in examined horses was 18%, 30%and 26% by using microscopic examination, ELISA and PCR, respectively.Clinical, hematological andbiochemical studies were evaluated in examined horses. Significant decrease in hematological parameters wasobserved along with an increase in some biochemical parameters. The results of PCR assay showed itsimportance in the diagnosis of the carrier infected cases more than with the conventional techniques.The microscopic examination was used only in acute cases of the disease.

The effects of methanolic extracts of Juniperus phoenicea and Hyphaene thebaica on carbohydrate metabolism of male streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats were studied. Blood glucose, liver glycogen and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) as well as the contents of pyruvate and lactate were determined in brain, liver and kidney tissues of the experimental animals. The ingestion of both methanolic extracts significantly reduced the high level of blood glucose but elevated the liver glycogen content of the diabetic rats. PK activity reached the highest values in liver and kidneys but brain showed the minimal stimulation. HK activity had nearly the same trend as that of PK. In case of LDH, the activity was also stimulated in the examined organs of the treated animals. In addition, pyruvate contents were significantly decreased.

This work is devoted to synthesize different semiconductor nanoparticles and their metal-hybrid nanocomposites such as TiO2, Au/TiO2, ZnO, and Au/ZnO. The morphology and crystal structure of the prepared nanomaterials are characterized by the TEM and XRD, respectively. These materials are used as catalysts for the photodegradation of Malathion which is one of the most commonly used pesticides in the developing countries. The degradation of 10 ppm Malathion under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light in the presence of the different synthesized nanocomposites was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-Visible Spectra. A comprehensive study is carried out for the catalytic efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles. Different factors influencing the catalytic photodegradation are investigated, as different light source, surface coverage, and nature of the organic contaminants. The results indicate that hybrid nanocomposite of the semiconductor-metal hybrid serves as a better catalytic system compared with semiconductor nanoparticles themselves.

{The aim of the present investigation was aimed to evaluate the Comparative study efficacy of different medicaments on postpartum anestrus dairy cows. the study was conducted on forty eight Friesian cows. The true anestrous cows (Experiment 1

The present paper investigates the efficacy of common anti-tick repellents in Europe and in the USA. There were tested Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Rhipcephalus sanguineus when they are placed onto hands and clothes of male and female humans being treated with common tick repellents. It was seen that DEET needed high concentrations to repel ticks, while essential oils are mostly inefficient. On the other hand saltidin = icaridin, p-menthan-diol and IR 3535 showed long-lasting effects, which in the case of combinations of saltidin and Vitex extracts were even increased.

Binary and ternary complexes of copper(II) involving promethazine, N,Ndimethyl-3-(phenothiazin-10-yl)propylamine (Prom) and various biologically relevant ligands containing different functional groups, were investigated. The ligands (L) are dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, amides and DNA constituents. The ternary complexes of amino acids, dicarboxylic acids or amides are formed by simultaneous reactions. The results showed the formation of Cu(Prom)(L) complexes with amino acids and dicarboxylic acids. The effect of chelate ring size of the dicarboxylic acid complexes on their stability constants was examined. Amides form both Cu(Prom)(L) complexes and the corresponding deprotonated species Cu(Prom)(LH-1). The ternary complexes of copper(II) with (Prom) and DNA are formed in a stepwise process, whereby binding of copper(II) to (Prom) is followed by ligation of the DNA components. DNA constituents form both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with Cu (Prom)2+. The stability of these ternary complexes was quantitatively compared with their corresponding binary complexes in terms of the parameters ?log10K. The values of ? log10K indicate that the ternary complexes containing aromatic amino acids were significantly more stable than the complexes containing alkyl-and hydroxyalkyl substituted amino acids. The concentration distribution of various complex species formed in solution was also evaluated as a function of pH. The solid complexes [Cu(Prom)L)] where L = 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid (CBDCA), oxalic and malonic acid were isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, TGA, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Spectroscopic studies of the complexes revealed that the complexes exhibits square planar coordination with copper(II). The isolated solid complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activities using the disc diffusion method against some selected bacteria and fungi. The activity data show that the metal complexes are found to have antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Garnet nanoparticles Dy2.8Sr0.2Fe5O12 (DySrIG) were prepared by citrate auto-combustion method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The suitable formation of this garnet in single phase was at 1100oC with crystallite of size 95 nm. The Curie temperature of DySrIG is obtained at 610K. eff was calculated experimentally and?The effective magnetic moment theoretically and they are compatible with each other. The dielectric constant / increases from order 102 at room temperature to 104 at 850K passing by four? transition temperatures. The temperature dependence of the resistivity of DySrIG at different frequencies (f) 100kHz?f?5MHz indicates also the presence /?of 5 transition temperatures which are slightly different from those of data. The resistivity data are frequency independent at f<1MHz. The transition height is decreased by increasing the temperature from ? 5M?cm at 320K and 200kHz to ? 20?cm at 700K. Accordingly, Dy2.8Sr0.2Fe5O12 (DySrIG) is recommended for the use in phase shifter, circulators and microwave applications.

Simple and accurate conductometric titration has been used for determination of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan (Dex), where sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), silicotungstic acid (STA), phosphotungstic acid (PTA), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and reineckate ammonium salt (RAS) were used as titrants.

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The present review casts light on the main strategies for the synthesis of fused heterocycles by metal-mediated [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of alkynes and/or nitriles as well as their specific syntheses. A number of other reviews that have appeared, concerning [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of alkynes and or nitriles to fused heterocycles, did not pay special attention to the synthesis of such systems in an organized manner with respect to the type of the heterocyclic systems.

Four Aegilops species (Aegilops longissima, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops searsii and Aegilops caudata) belonging to the family Poaceae were used in this study. Nucleotides of 1651 bp from 5.8 S rRNA gene and the intergenic spacers trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF from the chloroplast DNA were combined together in order to investigate the genetic diversity among the earlier mentioned species. Maximum parsimony and Neighbor-joining computational methods for tree building were applied to construct the relationship among the Aegilops species. In all trials, one parsimonious tree was obtained, in which, the A. speltoides was the oldest and was out of a cluster containing the other three Aegilops species. A. searsii and A. caudata were sisters to each other, while A. longissima was basal in this cluster. These findings did not agree with previous karyotypic studies in which A. searsii was the oldest, and A. caudata was recently originated, while both A. longissima and A. speltoides were intermediate. The present study therefore revealed the significance of molecular markers in clarifying the genetic diversity on the inter- and intra-specific levels. These markers can also be applied for taxonomic consequences and have an economic importance in the genetic amelioration programs.

This work was conducted to detect the effect of using sarafloxacin (5 mg/kg body weight) in the drinkingwater of broiler chickens to control experimental colisepticaemia in broiler chickens. One hundred and seventy, dayold broiler chicks were used in the study. Twenty chicks at the day of arrival were sacrificed and cultured to ensureabsence of E. coli infection. One hundred and fifty chicks were divided into three equal groups, each consists of 50birds.

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Complex formation equilibria of dimethyltin (IV) with 4-hydroxymethyl imidazole (HMI) and 2,6-dihydroxymethyl pyridine (PDC) have been investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes formed were determined at different temperatures and ionic strength 0.1 M NaNO3. The concentration distribution of the complexes in solution was evaluated as a function of pH. The effect of dioxane as a solvent on both the protonation constants and the formation constants of dimethyltin (IV) complexes with HMI and PDC were discussed. The thermodynamic parameters ?H0 and ?S0 calculated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants were investigated.