Basic Science Sector

A simple, facile, efficient and one pot three-component procedure for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles ring systems incorporating phenylsulfonyl moiety was developed via the reaction of 1-aryl-2-(phenylsulfonyl) ethanone derivatives 1a-d with the appropriate heterocyclic amine and triethyl orthoformate and evaluated as Aurora-A kinase inhibitors. The cytotoxic activity of the newly synthesized compounds against HST116 colon tumor cell line was investigated.2,7-Diphenyl-6-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine (4b) and its p-methoxy analogue 4c were found to be equipotent to Doxorubicin as a reference drug. Molecular modeling study was carried out in order to rationalize the in vitro anti-tumor results.

In this work the retardation of Ehrlich tumor growth implanted in mice was studied by employing 4.5 Hz magnetic field. Eighty female Balb/c mice were used, twenty as normal group; the other sixty mice were inoculated with Ehrlich tumor, then they were divided equally into three groups namely A, B and C.Group A (control group) animals were not exposed to the magnetic field .The tumors in the thigh of the animals of group B were exposed to 4.5 Hz, 2 Gauss square wave magnetic field by using a small solenoid connected to a power square wave generator. Group C animals were whole body exposed inside a large solenoid to 4.5 Hz, 2 Gauss square wave magnetic field.Both groups B & C were exposed for a period of 2 weeks at a rate 2 hours per day. Tumor volume, survival period, histological examination and dielectric relaxation of the tumor were measured to investigate the activity of the tumor of the exposed and the unexposed animals. The results indicated that exposing the tumor tissue to 4.5 Hz square wave magnetic field for 2 weeks at a rate 2 hours/day inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival period of the animals. However, group B showed more improvements than did group C. This was attributed to some distortions in the square waveform in the large solenoid (group C). By comparing data from current and previous work, it was concluded that the use of magnetic waves showed better results over previously published work using amplitude modulated electromagnetic waves with the same frequency.

A total of 208 cattle were randomly selected among slaughter houses, household and livestock farms to determine the prevalence of fascioliasis. Epidemiological studies on fascioliasis of cattle were undertaken in such localities under different climatic conditions existing in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State. Infection rate was 51.42%, 27.69% and 21.91% in slaughtered, livestock farm and household cattle, respectively. Significant variations were observed in the prevalence with respect to various host factors and the climate of the study area. Overall, the highest seasonal prevalence (45.19%) in all types of cattle was recorded during wet season while as only (24.40%) was recorded during the dry season. It was noticed that a higher infection rate was recorded in young cattle ages (0- 2 years) (40.02%) than in adult ones (28.04%) (3- 8 years). Moreover, the prevalence of infection in females was more (38.07%) than males (29.09%). It was also observed that the infection rate was high in comparatively low land areas (37.14%) as compared to high altitudes (30.09%). This study will provide necessary information regarding fascioliasis in cattle of Ladakh for their effective control and hence for a better production which will be beneficial resource to poor people where live stock rearing is one of the important sources of livelihood.

Three new thiadiazole derivatives (TDADs), namely, (I) N-[4-phenyl-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl] benzamide, (II) 2-acetyl-4-phenyl-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4- thiadiazole, and (III) Ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate, have been synthesized and used as additives to protect grade 1018 carbon steel from corrosion in naturally aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution (  3% by wt.). The techniques adopted include open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) complemented

Using SDSS-DR7, we construct a sample of 42 382 galaxies with redshifts in the region of 20galaxy clusters. Using two successive iterative methods, the adaptive kernel method and the spherical infall model, we obtained 3396 galaxies as members belonging to the studied sample. The 2D projected map for the distribution of the clusters members is introduced using the 2D adaptive kernel method to determine the cluster centres. The cumulative surface number density profile for each cluster is fitted well with the generalized King model. The core radii of the cluster samples are found to vary from 0.18 Mpc h−1 (A1459) to 0.47 Mpc h−1 (A2670) with a mean value of 0.295 Mpc h−1. The infall velocity profile is determined using two different models: Yahil approximation and Praton model. Yahil approximation is matched with the distribution of galaxies only on the outskirts (infall regions) of many clusters of the sample, while it is not matched with the distribution within the inner core of the clusters. Both Yahil approximation and Praton model are matched together in the infall region for about nine clusters in the sample but they are completely unmatched for the clusters characterized by a high central density. For these clusters, Yahil approximation is not matched with the distribution of galaxies, while Praton model can describe well the infall pattern of such clusters. The integrated velocity dispersion profile shows that there are different behaviours within the cluster’s virialized region, while it exhibits a flattened-out behaviour outside the virialized region up to the turnaround radius. Under the assumption that the mass follows galaxy distribution, we determine themass and mass profile by two independent mass estimators; projected mass and virial mass methods. The virial mass profile is corrected by applying the surface pressure term which reduces the virial mass by about 14 per cent. The projected mass profile is larger than the corrected virial mass profile for nearly all clusters by about 28 per cent. The virial mass agrees with the NFW mass and Praton mass at rv. The virial mass profile within 1.5 Mpc h−1 is fitted with the NFW mass profile. The concentration parameter ranges from 1.3 to 39.17, and has a mean value of 12.98.

The role of ambient conditions on the spatial and temporal evolution of the aluminum plasma spectral emission is studied. Measurements were carried out in vacuum as well as in air at atmospheric pressure to determine the optimum value of both distances from target and of the delay time at which the spectral line emission is most intense.

This article details with the synthesis and surface modification of AM50 magnesium alloy and its composite (AM50-5%ZrO2 and AM50-10% ZrO2) substrate to improve the corrosion resistance. Environmentally friendly chemical conversion coating based on permanganate–phosphate solution was used in this study. Deposition of electroless Ni–P alloy and electrodeposition Ni onto AM50 magnesium alloys have been carried out. The influences of pretreatment steps on the surface morphology and composition analysis have been studied using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersed X-ray system (SEM/EDS). Additionally, the surface morphology and phase composition of the coatings were determined with (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Moreover, potentiodynamic polarization tests have been used to estimate the corrosion behavior of unprotected and protected AM50 Mg and its composite alloys in 5% NaCl solutions.

The biological application of labeled nanoparticles is a rapidly developing area of nanotechnology that raises new possibilities in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been prepared via wet chemical method. Fluorescein capped gold nanoparticles have been prepared by a reduction of the HAuCl4 in boiling fluorescein sodium solution. The results indicated that the spectrum exhibits one curve with two absorption bands at

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Introduction: The antioxidant Taurine found to display antineoplastic effect through down regulation of angiogenesis and enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis. It has been found that progressive inhibition of apoptosis and induction of angiogenesis may contribute to tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Aim of the study: To correlate taurine level with the levels of some bioomolecules operating in both angiogenesis (VEGF, CD31) and apoptosis (TNF-a and Caspas-3) which could help for breast cancer pronostication and to evaluate a possible role of serum taurine level as an early marker for breast cancer in Egyptian patients. Patients and methods: Four groups of a total 85 female candidates were studied in this work. The first group consists of 50 female patients at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University were diagnosed and undergoing surgery for breast carcinoma. In the second group 10 having benign breast lesions, were included. The third group consists of five cases, with positive family history. Twenty healthy females were also recruited as control. A preoperative blood sample were taken from each patient to measure serum level of VEGF; Taurine; CA15.3 and TNFa. Sample of fresh tumor and their corresponding safety margins were obtained from the first and second groups, for determination of caspase-3; histopathological examination and immunohistochemical assay of VEGF and CD31.

Taxonomic considerations among and within some Egyptian taxa of Capparis and related genera (Capparaceae)as revealed by RAPD fingerprinting.- This investigation was carried out to assess the taxonomic relationships among eight taxa of the Egyptian members of Capparaceae based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, and to compare the results with those obtained from morphological studies.

There has been a great deal of controversy regarding the taxa and their taxonomic status of Veronica sect. Beccabunga in Egypt. The present study aimed at critical reappraisal of the taxonomy of Veronica sect. Beccabunga in Egypt by numerical and molecular approaches. Representative specimens were collected from their natural habitats and subjected to morphological description and RAPD amplification, using five random primers. Cluster analysis was applied to morphological and RAPD data separately.

The theoretical analysis discussed in this work is a suitable mathematical tool by which theperformance of the proposed collector can be predicted. The obtained experimental results coincide withthe obtained theoretical data obtained from the devised computer program. Controlled output temperaturecan be obtained from the proposed system. The performance of the tested collector under the proposed intermittent flow conditions overcomes that of the conventional thermosyphone flow collector.

(Book Description): Scientists are, all the time, in a struggle with uncertainty which is always a threat to a trustworthy scientific knowledge. A very simple and natural idea, to defeat uncertainty, is that of enclosing uncertain measured values in real closed intervals.

Three commonly used Antihelmenthic drugs including Dormectin (0.2 mg/kg), Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg) were examined for their antihelmenthic efficacy against experimental Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were orally infected with 500 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at 4 < sup > th day, against migrating larvae at 10 < sup > th days and against encysted larvae at 35 < sup > th day post infection (dpi). Rats were sacrificed five days post treatment.

The reaction of [Pd(Et4en)(H2O)2]2+ (Et4en = N,N,N_,N_-tetraethylethylenediamine) with amino acids, peptides, dicarboxylic acids or DNA constituents was investigated at 37?C and 0.16M ionic strength. The stoichiometry and stability of the complexes formed were determined and the binding centers of the ligands were assigned. The concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes were evaluated. The equilibrium constants for the displacement of representative coordinated ligands such as inosine, glycine or methionine by mercaptoethylamine were calculated and the concentration distribution diagrams of the various species were evaluated.

We investigated the pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of different multivesicular liposome (MVL) formulations for the delivery of Rose Bengal (RB) into skin layers for topical photodynamic therapy. The drug content, uniformity, spreadability and release kinetics of the optimum hydrogel formulation were studied. Skin penetration of the prepared gels was studied in albino mice using fluorescence microscopy and the photodynamic properties were evaluated.

Specimens of Trichodina fahaka parasitizing Tetradon fahaka, collected from the Nile River, were described. Taxonomic and morphometric data for this trichodinid based on wet silver nitrate impregnated specimens were presented. The infection was severe and prevailed almost throughout the year. The overall prevalence was 45% with maximum rate during winter and minimum rate during summer.

The present work is concerned with the two-body problem with varying mass in case of only one body ejects mass. The problem is treated analytically in the Hamiltonian frame-work and the equations of motion are integrated using the Lie series developed and applied, separately, by Delva [10] and Hanslmeier [2]. The Hamiltonian is constructed up to second order using time as independent variable. The equations of motion are integrated using the Lie operator and Lie series, yielding the solution directly in terms of the coordinates.

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were described for the determination of cyclopentolate (CPH) and naphazoline hydrochlorides (NPZ) drugs in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations based on ion pair and charge transfer complexation reactions, respectively. The first method is based on the reaction of the CPH drug with Mo(V)-thiocyanate in hydrochloric acid medium and dyestuff reagents namely bromophenol blue (BPB), bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP).