In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for morphological rule induction using meta-rules for Arabic morphology based on inductive logic programming. The processing resources are a set of example pairs (stem and inflected form) with their feature vectors, either positive or negative, and the linguistic background knowledge from the Arabic morphological analysis domain. Each example pair has two words to be analyzed vocally into consonants and vowels. The algorithm applies two levels of mapping: between the vocal representation of the two words (stem, morphed) and between their feature vector. It differentiates between both mappings in order to accurately deduce which changes in the word structure led to which changes in its features. The paper also addresses the irregularity, productivity and model consistency issues. We have developed an Arabic morphological rule induction system (AMRIS). Successful evaluation has been performed and showed that the system performance results achieved were satisfactory.

Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene have been associated with chemical carcinogens. Natural antimutagens are promising modulators for reducing the cancer risk. The present study was carried out to assess the protective efficacy of some natural antimutagens against p53 alterations. We investigated the ability of curcumin (100 mg/kg BW) and chlorophyllin (3 mg/kg BW) pretreatment, for three times per week for three successive weeks, to inhibit mutations induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 40 mg/kg BW of cyclophosphamide (CP). Forty male albino rats were assigned into four groups: control nontreated group, CP-treated group, curcumin-CP-treated group, and chlorophyllin-CP-treated group. Liver samples were collected for DNA isolation two days after CP injection. The isolated DNA was used in single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products of four regions: two in exon 5, one in exon 6, and one in exon 7. The amplified products of p53 different regions were found to be in the expected molecular size of the designed primers. SSCP analysis of these amplified products showed that CP-induced mutation in the p53 gene was found only in exon 7 shifting its electrophoretic mobility. Chlorophyllin treatment prior to CP injection had a more potent protective efficacy (80%) than that with curcumin (33.3%).