Medical Sector

{Background: Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever is achieved by proper antibiotic treatment of group A b -hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Methods: To assess noninferiority of oral amoxicillin to intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (IM BPG). Children (2 to 12 years) meeting enrollment criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive antibiotic treatment in 2 urban outpatient clinics in Egypt and Croatia. Results: A total of 558 children (Croatia = 166

Ciliary dysfunction leads to a broad range of overlapping phenotypes, collectively termed ciliopathies. This grouping is underscored by genetic overlap, where causal genes can also contribute modifier alleles to clinically distinct disorders. Here we show that mutations in TTC21B

Study Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonohysterography (SHG) and outpatient hysteroscopy (OH) in detecting intrauterine lesions in infertile women.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of the clinical diagnostic criteria in patients with Alagille syndrome (AGS) in comparison to a group of infants with cholestasis and histologically proven neonatal hepatitis (NH). Special emphasis will be paid to the type and frequency of ocular manifestations.

Background: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs to the normal cells is the major problem in cancer therapy and engender a risk of inducing secondary malignancies. A dose of anticancer drug which is sufficient to kill tumor cells is often toxic to the normal tissue and lead to many side effects, which in turn . limited treatment efficacy . Many epidemiological studies have suggested that midcinal plants can play a vital role in inhibiting genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of anticancer drugs to normal cells. Materials and Methods: Lentinus edodes a Chinese edible and medicinal mushroom was grown using submerged culture on different standard liquid media and different food wastes by products. Shiitake broth medium was the medium that showed the maximum biomass for both tested strains. Crude extract of L. edodes mycelia was tested in this study In vitro and in vivo. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the crude extracts of mycelia of the two strains were examined on human breast cancer (MCF7) cell line using trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT cytotoxicity assay. Result and Discussions: The results showed that the crude extract of Lentinus edodes LC2141 inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 at high concentration with IC50 178.8?g/ml while Lentinus edodes LC202 extract inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 at high concentration with IC50 94.025?g/ml. Cytotoxicity of the crude extracts was tested also against EAC by using trypan blue exclusion assay. Viability increased by decreasing concentration. In vivo experiments, group treated with crude extract of Lentinus edodes LC2141 showed a decrease in tumor size while 4 out 9 mice showed complete tumor regression. Group treated with crude extract of Lentinus edodes LC202 showed a decrease in tumor size while 3 out of 9 mice showed complete tumor regression.

Background: Randomized trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews have challenged the claim for superiority of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (recFSH) compared with human-derived FSH (hFSH). Even so, much of the evidence comes from unavailable products. If the efficacy of the currently available Fostimon1 is superior, the off-market Metrodin-HP1,then data from the latter should not be used, gauge of the former.

Comparative investigation of hydro-distilled essential oils from leaves (L) and fruits (F) of Myrtus communis (M) and Eugenia supra-axillaris (E) (Fam. Myrtaceae) grown in Egypt was carried out; including: yield, physical characteristics, chemical composition and certain bioactivities. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed that the oil samples differ in composition and percentages of certain components. The total number of identified constituents was 23, 21, 21 and 17 in EL, EF, ML and MF oil samples; representing: 98.6% , 98.5% , 90.3% and 91.8% of the total oil composition, respectively. Oxygenated compounds were found dominant in EF, ML and MF oil samples, being 81.4%, 61.5% and 71.5%, respectively, and 13.5% in EL sample. All the oil samples appeared dominated by monoterpenoids, among which limonene (21.8%), eugenol (35.5%), 1,8-cineole (27.2% and 29.6%) are major in EL, EF, ML and MF, respectively. Sesquiterpenes are minors in all samples, comprising mainly: ?-humulene in the two leaf samples EL and ML; while ?-selinene and trans-caryophyllene recorded the highest sesquiterpenoid percentile for EF and MF samples; respectively. Certain bioactivities including: cytotoxicity asainst different tumor cell lines, antimicrobial, and antiwormal activity against Allolobophora caliginosa were evaluated and found variable in the leaves and fruits of the two plants.

Some piperazinomethyl benzofuran derivatives substituted at 5-position with 4,5-dihydropyrazole 3-9, were designed and synthesized. Molecular modeling study using Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.1 software was performed by mapping the newly designed compounds to the alpha1-adrenoceptor (?1-ARs) antagonist hypothesis. Preliminary blind screening of the hypotensive activity using normotensive cats' method (in vivo) was evaluated and showed appreciable activity. In vitro vasodilatation activity on isolated thoracic aortic rings of male Wister rats for the most active compounds (3c and 7b) was evaluated. Compound 7b (IC50 = 0.21 mM) is more potent than prazosin (IC50 = 0.48 mM), while 3c showed equal potency (IC50 = 0.49 mM). The structural elucidations were clearly confirmed by spectroscopy data and elemental analysis. Preparative TLC technique was applied.

A stability- indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis of desvenlafaxine suucinate ( DSV) in the presence of its acidic induced- degradation product in pure and pharmaceutical preparation had been developed and validated. The chromatographic conditions comprised of an isocratic reversed- phase separation on Discovery C18 column. Elution was carried out using acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 3.8 (50: 50 v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and UV detection at 229 nm.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an acquired autoimmunemechanobullous disease. EBA patients possess autoantibodies against type VII collagen which is composed of a collagenous domain flanked by non-collagenous NC1 and NC2 domains. It was reported that major epitopes reside within the NC1 domain and minor epitopes reside within NC2 domain.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that exhibits a unique biphasic developmental cycle that can be disrupted by growth in the presence of IFN-? and ?-lactams, giving rise to an abnormal growth state termed persistence. Here we have examined the expression of a family of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are differentially expressed during the developmental cycle and the induction of persistence and reactivation. ncRNAs were initially identified using an intergenic tiling microarray and were confirmed by northern blotting. ncRNAs were mapped, characterized and compared with the previously described chlamydial ncRNAs. The 5'- and 3'-ends of the ncRNAs were determined using an RNA circularization procedure.

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication in infants and children with chronic liver disease (CLD); however its diagnosis might be difficult. We aimed to study the feasibility of diagnosing SBP by routine ascitic fluid tapping in infants and children with CLD.

A clinically evident radiculopathy without correlation in the imaging studies represents a serious problem as regards the indication, planning and execution of an operative procedure for its treatment. Both the diagnosis and treatment of such cases are deemed to be difficult without clear morphological correlation. Moreover, the surgeon lacks an important basis for the adequate planning and above all the justification of surgical treatment. Although discography with post-discographic computer tomography (CT-Discography) is still controversially discussed as an invasive diagnostic measure, the literature shows that this method is not only useful but also indispensable in certain cases.

The objective of this research was to develop simple and sensitive three kinetic methods for the determination of some anti-iflamatory drugs, mefenamic acid (MA), niflumic acid (NA), mesalazine (MS) and sulfasalazine (SS) in pure form and in their pharmaceutical formulations. The first method was based upon the kinetic investigation of the oxidation reaction of each drug (MA, NA, MS and SS) with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature for fixed time yielding a green color of manganate ion.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of two topically applied immunomodulative agents through the detection of lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8 and MHC II. Methods: Fifty patients from the Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Dermatology and Pathology at Cairo University with different degrees of alopecia areata (AA) were included in this study. They were classified into two groups each of 25 patients. Each patient was treated with the immunomodulative agent on one side of the scalp and the other side was left as a control. Biopsies were taken from all patients at the beginning of treatment and at the end of the study. Tissue specimens were prepared for histologic and immunophenotypic analysis. The main outcome measures were the uses of diphencyprone (DPCP) and topical tacrolimus as two topical immunotherapeutic modalities in the treatment of AA.

Background: The outcome of colorectal cancer varies depending on ethnic origin. Egyptian colorectal carcinoma is surprisingly young-age disease with high proportion of rectal and advanced stage cancers.

The present work reports the synthesis of 20 novel fluorine-containing quinoline and pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety.