2007
Khalil, W. - K. B., M. A. Mahmoud, M. M. Zahran, and K. F. Mahrous,
"A sub-acute study of metronidazole toxicity assessed in Egyptian Tilapia zillii.",
Journal of applied toxicology , vol. 27, pp. 380- 390, 2007.
AbstractMetronidazole (MTZ), an antiparasitic and antibacterial compound, is one of the world’s most widely used drugs. Despite being considered as a rodent mutagen and a carcinogen, it is still widely used in humans for the treatment of infections with anaerobic organisms. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to evaluate the in vivo toxicity of MTZ using the micronucleus (MN) assay and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis as well as histopathological examination in Tilapia zillii. Moreover, the protective effect of vitamin C (VitC) against toxicity of MTZ was investigated in the present study. Fish were treated with three doses of MTZ (5, 10 and 20 mg/ l) alone or in combination with VitC (200 mg/ kg food) at several time intervals (2 days, 7 days and 14 days). The results of the present study showed a significant effect of MTZ on micronucleus formation and changes in polymorphic band patterns as well as induction of different histopathological alterations in Tilapia zillii. The effects of the drug were reduced when fish were exposed to a combination of MTZ and VitC.
abd elaziz, M., M. Ali, S. yassin, and A. S. raafat and rashad,
"Study on the effects of some probiotics on the performance, clinicopathological and histopathological changes of Oreochromis niloticus",
Veterinary Medical Journal, vol. 55, no.3 , pp. 879-897, 2007.
AbstractThe presen study was carried out to evaluate the use of some probiotics on the growth rate of tilapia fishes and to determine its effect on some hematological and histopathological parameters. Two different commercial probiotics which includes biogen and moreyeast were evaluated for 8weeks. In the experiment, fifty Oreochromis niloticus fishes were classified to 3 groups,Group (1): consisted of 20 fishes which fed diet supplemented by biogen at a dose of 2 kg/ton diet. Group (2): consisted of 20 fishes which fed diet supplemented by moreyeast at a dose of 5 kg/ton diet and Group (3): was control group which consisted of 10 fishes fed diet without probiotics. At the end of the experimental period both biogen and moreyeast administrated groups revealed a significant increase in the body weight gain (W.G.). The results showed significant increase in the values of RBCs, PCV and Hb throughout the experimental period except group 1 (received biogen) at the 6th week of experiment comparing to control group. Fish group received moreyeast (Group 2) had the pronounced effect than group 1. Assessment of leukogram revealed significant leukocytosis allover the experimental period in different groups except during the 2nd week in group 2 (received moreyeast) and at the 6th week in both probiotic administrated groups comparing to control group. Fish group received biogen had pronounced effect comparing to moreyeast administrated group. differential leukocytic picture was recorded. Histopathological examination revealed The biogen and moreyeast administerd groups showed marked activation of the melano-macrophage centers which is a component of reticuloendothelial system and hence part of the defensive system of fish indicating immunoenhancment. the study concluded that: The examined probiotic were safe for the Oreochromis niloticus fish.
