Intelingua (meaning) representation has been successfully used in multilingual machine translation. This paper reports our attempt to generate Arabic sentence from interlingua. The proposed system will be compatible with the NESPOLE consortium. In NESPOLE an Interlingua called interchange format or IF, designed for travel planning is used. Our approach describes how to generate grammatically correct Arabic sentence from Interlingua. It involves two main components a mapper for converting intelingua into syntactic structure (feature-structure) and a generator for generating the target Arabic sentence that represents the intended meaning. A translation example is provided to explain the inner working of the system.

In their high times, traditional Islamic cities were looked at, especially in Arabic literature, as a place where the nomad can be changed and become a civilized human being. Because the nomad life was a continuous struggle for survival, the city was considered then to be a refuge place. In it the nomad who was used to the rough living in the desert under eminent and continuous danger sought a safe, peaceful and cultured place. Therefore the city was considered to be a place where the nomad to be redeemed.
Through participating in the international urban competition organized by Kanton Sarajevo and the University of Sarajevo in the year 2000, we found persuasive similarities between life in the desert and war time in contrast to traditional city life in the former sense enough to build on. More over Sarajevo belongs to a multi cultural grounds where Islamic values constitute a substantial part. This, as we thought, support the relevance of the concept of redemption as an underlying and a key concept in our competition entry.
The paper runs two main lines of inquires; the first is a theoretical investigation of the concept of redemption, the urbanization process, and the city as a place for redemption. The second is a critical discussion of the presented project in the international urban competition (2000) to redesign the zones "C" and "C1" in Sarajevo. To put our underlying key concept –redemption- into work we devised three main relations that help to create a place for enriching and enhancing the citizens. The three main relations adopted were; Connection to surrounding Community, Connection to nature, and Knowledge as the symbol for rebuilding the city.
Finally the paper reflects on possibility of using the above mentioned concept in other cites that witnessed a similar situation. A considerable part of such cities, unfortunately are located in Moslem areas.

KEY WORDS
Urban design -Urbanization – City center -Islamic cities – Sarajevo – rehabilitation - development

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) has been refined by experienced surgeons into a competitive treatment alternative for localized prostate cancer. Less is known, however, about the outcomes of "learning curve" cases from newly trained surgeons. We prospectively studied 100 cases of LRP performed by 2 senior and 2 junior surgeons and addressed the rates of positive margins-an important early endpoint of oncologic efficacy.

METHODS: 100 consecutive cases of LRP were performed by two senior (n=62) and two junior surgeons (n=38) by a 5-port transperitoneal route. Whole-mount step-section prostate specimens were examined by Stanford protocol.

RESULTS: Positive margins occured in 25% of cases: 18% for pT2a (2/11), 18% for pT2b (11/61), 45% for pT3a (10/22), and 50% for pT3b (2/4) (p=0.002 pT2 vs. pT3). By surgeon experience, the rates were 19% (12/62) for senior and 34% (13/38) for junior (p=0.04). However, in a multiple logistic regression analysis, only pathologic stage (p=0.083) and Gleason sum (p=0.0133) reached statistical significance, while surgeon experience did not (p=0.0992).

CONCLUSION: Positive margin rates after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy are significantly influenced by pathologic stage and Gleason score, and are within the range reported from open series. The higher positive margin rate from junior surgeons, although not statistically significant, suggests the need for further study and continued mentoring during surgery and/or video review of cases to improve oncologic results.