Nutritional myopathy has been induced in both rats and lambs by feeding diets low in selenium. The distribution of 45Ca, administered as 45CaCl2, has been examined firstly by autoradiography, and secondly by measuring the excretion of 45Ca in urine and faeces. Autoradiographs of skeletal muscle from unsupplemented animals showed radioactivity over discrete muscle fibres at a stage when no abnormalities were apparent using conventional staining techniques. Similar retention of 45Ca was found in some of the tubules in the kidneys of selenium-deficient rats. Total excretion in urine and faeces of lambs, examined for 48 h after intravenous administration of 45CaCl2, showed that in normal animals 18-6% of the dose was excreted, whereas in dystrophic lambs 12-0% was lost. The difference was significant at the 2% level. The respiratory rates of isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria, measured polarographically in the presence of glutamate and pyruvate as substrates, were low for dystrophic rats. Respiratory control indices were 1-0 for the same preparations but for supplemented rats they were all above 1-0. The differences in respiratory rates were significant at the 1% level. The major conclusion drawn from the results of these experiments is that one of the first effects of sleenium deficiency which can be visualized is the abnormal retention of calcium by individual muscle fibres.

25 buffaloes, 18 Egyptian cows and 26 Friesian cows were hand-milked twice daily at 0700 and 1500 h throughout lactation. Quarters were milked individually in sequence: right fore, right rear, left fore, left rear. Forequarters contributed 28.7, 39.8 and 38.4% of morning milk and 32.2, 44.8 and 38.2% of evening milk of buffaloes, Egyptian cows and Friesian cows, respectively. Relative milk yield from each quarter remained fairly constant throughout lactation. Milking rates of forequarters wer

The time taken to hand milk (milk flow time) and to strip each quarter of (i) 19 buffaloes, (ii) 12 Egyptian cows and (iii) 26 Friesian cows was measured in the morning and evening on 2 days/wk throughout lactation. Average milk flow time (min) and stripping time (min) for each group respectively were: (i) 5.6 and 3.1, (ii) 3.4 and 2.9, (iii) 3.4 and 3.0 in the morning; and (i) 3.5 and 1.6, (ii) 2.9 and 1.5, (iii) 2.4 and 2.5 in the evening. Correlation coeff. between milk yield and total mil...

Aus einer Partie von 6 420 kg importierter Räucherheringe wurden Proben entnommen und mykologisch untersucht. Die Heringe wiesen weiße und schwarze Schimmelflecke auf und rochen schimmlig, ebenso die Holzkisten, in denen sie verpackt waren. Die oberste Lage Heringe war am stärksten verschimmelt.

Mikroskopisch konnte bei der Direktuntersuchung festgestellt werden, daß es sich um Aspergillus und Penicillium handelte. Die kulturelle Identifizierung ergab als Ursache der schwarzen Flecke Aspergillus niger, Typ Awamori, und als Ursache der hellen Flecke Penicillium funiculosum.

Zur Bekämpfung wird, neben hygienischen Maßnahmen, vorgeschlagen, die Heringe mit 20–25 %iger Salzlösung oder mit 3% iger Essiglösung zu behandeln und anschließend an der Luft zu trocknen. In leichten Fällen kann die Oberfläche der Heringe auch mit Öl eimgerieben werden.