The agricultural sector inEgyptis considered the primary leading sector in economic development since it contributes largely to the total national income, increasing the tax revenue, and raising the value of exports, in addition to filling the major part of the nutritional gap. Water is one of the agricultural production resources without which production could not be complete. In fact, agriculture and water are the cornerstones for economic development.

This study aims to achieve the best strategy for the usage of water and specifically irrigation water which makes up the major part of the total water consumption inEgyptsince the agricultural sector consumes around 85% of total water consumption. The best usage strategy for water in agriculture could be achieved in several ways; this study has used the methodology of linear programming to achieve the crop construction necessary for the maximization of the net revenue of the water unit.

Two alternative plans for crop construction included the plan laid by the Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation until year 2017 which has previously been discussed

The first alternative plan aims at maximizing the net revenue of the water unit in view of new organizational boundaries. It was revealed that the quantity of water that could be saved by implementing this alternative plan is estimated at around 3657 million m3, representing around 10.91% of the total currently used amount. The increase rate of the total net revenue of irrigation water and land for the suggested crop construction reached around 0.44% and 8.68% respectively over the current crop construction. Moreover, irrigation costs for this alternative plan decreased by 0.93% from the current crop construction.

Second alternative plans for crop construction have been studied, all of them governed by organizational laws. In the fifth and sixth alternatives, the analysis was performed based on certain organizational laws or boundaries in which the land area of some major and strategic agricultural crops has been fixed in accordance with certain goals. The analysis results for these alternatives revealed the increase of the total net revenue of the feddan in the first and second alternatives by an increase rate of 4% and 3% respectively upon the current construction, and also a decrease in the total net revenue of the feddan for the remaining alternative plans suggested.

The study recommends the opening of gateways for training personnel necessary for the maintenance of irrigation and drainage networks, and the importance of the participation of local authorities plus political and youth institutions everywhere in the guiding of people everywhere in the best and most economical use of water. Also all kinds of media must help in this guiding process for citizens in the most efficient and people-friendly way, aiming to alter their consumption habits of irrigation water in all fields.

Key Words: Water Resources, agricultural, Egypt, Economics, alternative plans , Linear Programming.

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The azimuthal angle variation of the Coulomb and nuclear heavy ion (HI) potentials is studied in the framework of the double folding model, which is derived from realistic nuclear density distributions and a nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. The present calculation shows that the variation of HI potentials with the azimuthal angle depends strongly on the range of the NN forces. For the long-range Coulomb force, the maximum variation with is about 0.9%, and for HI potential derived from zero-range NN interaction the variation can reach up to 90.0%. Our calculations are compared with the recent dependence of the HI potential derived from proximity method. The present realistic dependence calculations of the HI potential is completely different from the results of the proximity calculations. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Advances in DNA microarray technology has motivated the research community to introduce sophisticated techniques for analyzing the resulted large-scale datasets. Biclustering techniques have been widely adapted for analyzing microarray gene expression data due to its ability to extract local patterns with a subset of genes that are similarly expressed over a subset of samples. Mostly, biclustering methods are based on greedy heuristics which often result in suboptimal solutions. To this end, this paper presents a clonal selection algorithm for biclustering (Bic-CSA) that incorporates these greedy searching procedures as local search heuristics in an immune-inspired algorithm. The quality of biclusters has been demonstrated by experimentation on a well known benchmark dataset. Moreover, the performance of Bic-CSA is compared with other related local search-based methods and immune inspired algorithms. It is shown from results and comparative study that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of bicluster size and mean-squared residue.