The efficient layout planning of a construction site is a fundamental task to any project undertaking. In an attempt to enhancethe general practice of layout planning of construction sites, the paper introduces a novel approach for producing the soughtlayouts. This approach integrates the highly sophisticated graphical capabilities of computer-aided design (CAD) platforms withthe robust search and optimization capabilities of genetic algorithms (GAs). In this context, GAs are utilized from within theCAD environment to optimize the location of temporary facilities on site. The functional interaction between GAs and CADand the details of the GA-based layout optimization procedure are presented. A fully automated computer system is furtherdeveloped to demonstrate the practicality of the chosen approach. In order to evaluate the system’s performance, a localconstruction project with a 24,000m2site is used. The automated system produced highly satisfactory results and showednotable flexibility through its CAD-based input/output media.D2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Faults on distribution circuits are normally detected by simple overcurrent relays. Faults through high impedance (HIF) such as dry earth don’t have sufficient current to operate overcurrent relays. In some cases, fault current is less than the normal current. The broken cables laid on the soil, can be left energized for long periods of time. This presents a serious hazard to the general public with risks of electric shock, fire, etc. This paper describes a new scheme for high impedance fault detection using the concept of digital communications. The proposed model posses a high capability of distinguishing the HIF from normal switching conditions.