@article {210604,
	title = {Dynamic Quadrilateral Characteristic-Based Distance Relays for Transmission Lines Equipped with TCSC},
	journal = {Energies },
	volume = {14},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {Article 7074},
	abstract = {<p>A two-fold adaptive dynamic quadrilateral relay is developed in this research for protecting Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)-compensated transmission lines (TLs). By investigating a new tilt angle and modifying the Takagi method to recognize the fault zone identifier, the proposed relay adapts its reactive reach and resistive reach separately and independently. The investigated tilt angle and identified fault zone use the TCSC reactance to compensate its effect on the TL parameters and system homogeneity. Excessive tests are simulated by MATLAB on the non-homogenous network, IEEE-9 bus system and further tests are carried out on IEEE-39 bus system in order to generalize and validate the efficiency of the proposed approach. The designed trip boundaries are able to detect wide range of resistive faults under all TCSC modes of operations. The proposed approach is easy to implement as there no need for data synchronization or a high level of computation and filtration. Moreover, the proposed adaptive dynamic relay can be applied for non-homogeneity systems and short as well as long TLs which are either TCSC-compensated or -uncompensated TLs.</p>
},
	author = {Abo-Hamad, Ghada M and Doaa Khalil Ibrahim and Essam M. Aboul Zahab and Zobaa, Ahmed F}
}
