Yehia Badr

Abstract The interest in the oxo-enol tautomerism of 1,3-dioxo compounds is justified by their usefulness in many synthetic fields. A series of new 1,3-bis(1-adamantyl)propan-1,3-diones with a variably substituted phenyl ring at the \{C2\} position was prepared either by the reaction of an appropriate Grignard reagent with adamatane-1-carbonyl chloride or by \{SEAr\} on the unsubstituted 1,3-bis(1-adamantyl)-2-phenylpropan-1,3-dione. In addition to the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of three of the prepared compounds, the experimental 1H and 13C NMR, İR\} and Raman spectroscopic data were assigned and compared to those obtained by \{DFT\} computations. In the solid state, the syn-dioxo forms were exclusively observed, which are shown to also predominate in \{CHCl3\} solutions. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface revealed that H⋯H and O⋯H contacts dominate the intermolecular interactions in the solid state, whereas π⋯π stacking plays a marginal role.

Abstract Cu (II) complexes, were synthesized with newly derived biologically active 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases. The Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of 3-substituted-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole with dibenzoylmethane. The synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic moment, thermal analysis and spectral tools (FT-IR, 1HNMR, ESR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy). All the synthesized complexes are nonelectrolytes in N,N-dimethylformamide. The synthesized Schiff bases and their Cu (II) complexes have been screened for antibacterial (Escherichia coli & Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Aspergillus flavus & Candida albicans) activity using a modified Bauer-Kirby method. Interestingly, the synthesized Cu (II) complexes were used as precursors for CuO nanoparticles which were characterized using XRD, HR-TEM, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared CuO nanoparticles was studied by performing the degradation of methylene blue dye under \{UV\} illumination in the presence of \{H2O2\} and the results showed that the maximum percent of the degradation of methylene blue dye (MB) was found 96.18% after 360 min.

Abstract Cu (II) complexes, were synthesized with newly derived biologically active 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases. The Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of 3-substituted-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole with dibenzoylmethane. The synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic moment, thermal analysis and spectral tools (FT-IR, 1HNMR, ESR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy). All the synthesized complexes are nonelectrolytes in N,N-dimethylformamide. The synthesized Schiff bases and their Cu (II) complexes have been screened for antibacterial (Escherichia coli & Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Aspergillus flavus & Candida albicans) activity using a modified Bauer-Kirby method. Interestingly, the synthesized Cu (II) complexes were used as precursors for CuO nanoparticles which were characterized using XRD, HR-TEM, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared CuO nanoparticles was studied by performing the degradation of methylene blue dye under \{UV\} illumination in the presence of \{H2O2\} and the results showed that the maximum percent of the degradation of methylene blue dye (MB) was found 96.18% after 360 min.

Resumen Diversos datos epidemiológicos muestran que el síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño (SAHS) se relaciona independientemente con el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina e intolerancia a la glucosa. Además, y pese a la existencia de notables limitaciones metodológicas, algunos estudios refieren una elevada prevalencia de \{SAHS\} en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Un reciente metaanálisis muestra que el \{SAHS\} moderado-grave se asocia a un mayor riesgo de \{DM2\} (riesgo relativo = 1,63 [1,09-2,45]), en relación con la ausencia de apneas-hipopneas. La existencia de alteraciones comunes de diversas vías patogénicas le proporciona plausibilidad biológica a esta relación. La hipoxia intermitente y la fragmentación del sueño, originadas por la sucesión de episodios de apneas-hipopneas, inducen diversos trastornos intermedios, como la activación del sistema nervioso simpático, el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación sistémica, alteraciones en las hormonas reguladoras del apetito y activación del eje hipotálamo-hipófiso-suprarrenal, que favorecen el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina, así como su progresión a intolerancia a la glucosa y, en última instancia, a DM2. La coexistencia del \{SAHS\} parece agravar la evolución de la DM2, al empeorar el control glucémico y potenciar el efecto de la aterosclerosis en el desarrollo de complicaciones macrovasculares. Además, el \{SAHS\} podría asociarse al desarrollo de complicaciones microvasculares, particularmente la retinopatía, nefropatía o neuropatía diabéticas. Aunque todavía escasos, algunos datos sugieren que la \{DM2\} también podría empeorar la evolución del SAHS, al favorecer la colapsabilidad de la vía aérea superior y potenciar la aparición de apneas-hipopneas centrales. Abstract Epidemiological data suggest that sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is independently associated with the development of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Moreover, despite significant methodological limitations, some studies report a high prevalence of \{SAHS\} in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). A recent meta-analysis shows that moderate-severe \{SAHS\} is associated with an increased risk of \{DM2\} (relative risk = 1.63 [1.09 to 2.45]), compared to the absence of apneas and hypopneas. Common alterations in various pathogenic pathways add biological plausibility to this relationship. Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, caused by successive apnea-hypopnea episodes, induce several intermediate disorders, such as activation of the sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, alterations in appetite-regulating hormones and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which, in turn, favor the development of insulin resistance, its progression to glucose intolerance and, ultimately, to DM2. Concomitant \{SAHS\} seems to increase \{DM2\} severity, since it worsens glycemic control and enhances the effects of atherosclerosis on the development of macrovascular complications. Furthermore, \{SAHS\} may be associated with the development of microvascular complications: retinopathy, nephropathy or diabetic neuropathy in particular. Data are still scant, but it seems that \{DM2\} may also worsen \{SAHS\} progression, by increasing the collapsibility of the upper airway and the development of central apneas and hypopneas.

Abstract Silica nanostructured materials are often used as catalyst support but their catalytic role has not been deeply investigated yet. In the present study, the photocatalytic degradation of acridine orange zinc chloride double salt (AO) has been studied using silica nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts. \{NPs\} of different size (55 and 146 nm) were prepared by a sol–gel procedure and their surface was modified with amino groups to investigate the role of the chemical groups linked to the silica surface on the dye degradation. The silica nanomaterials were fully characterized by use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements and UV–vis spectrophotometric methods. The photodegradation experiments were carried out irradiating at 313 or 490 nm for 50 min the aqueous samples containing the dye and the silica \{NPs\} of 55 or 146 nm in diameter. The photocatalytic degradation of the dye was determined from the decrease of its fluorescence intensity. \{AO\} fluorescence intensity did not change when bare SiO2 beads were used as catalysts, whereas an efficient decoloration (up to 58%) was achieved with amino functionalized NPs, with a photodegradation rate constant value of 0.136 m−1. The data collected from the degradation experiments demonstrated that the functional groups on the silica surface have a fundamental role in the efficiency of the degradation processes.