@article {228901, title = {In vitro evaluation of the effect of the electronic cigarette aerosol, Cannabis smoke, and conventional cigarette smoke on the properties of gingival fibroblasts/gingival mesenchymal stem cells.}, journal = {Journal of periodontal research}, volume = {57}, year = {2022}, pages = {104-114}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of electronic cigarette (EC) aerosol, Cannabis, and conventional cigarettes smoke on gingival fibroblast/gingival mesenchymal stem cells{\textquoteright} (GF/G-MSCs) of never smokers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human GF/G-MSCs (n~=~32) were isolated and characterized using light microscopy, flow cytometry, and multilineage differentiation ability. Following the application of aerosol/smoke extracts, GF/G-MSCs were evaluated for cellular proliferation; colony-forming units (CFU-F) ability; cellular viability (using the MTT assay); mitochondrial depolarization using JC-1 dye; and genes{\textquoteright} expression of ATM, p21, Oct4, and Nanog.

RESULTS: Colony-forming units and viability (OD 450~nm) were significantly reduced upon exposure to Cannabis (mean~{\textpm}~SD; 5.5~{\textpm}~1.5; p~\<~.00001, 0.47~{\textpm}~0.21; p~\<~.05) and cigarettes smoke (2.3~{\textpm}~1.2 p~\<~.00001, 0.59~{\textpm}~0.13, p~\<~.05), while EC aerosol showed no significant reduction (10.8~{\textpm}~2.5; p~=~.05, 1.27~{\textpm}~0.47; p~\>~.05) compared to the control group (14.3~{\textpm}~3, 1.33~{\textpm}~0.12). Significantly upregulated expression of ATM, Oct4, and Nanog (gene copies/GADPH) was noticed with Cannabis (1.5~{\textpm}~0.42, 0.82~{\textpm}~0.44, and 1.54~{\textpm}~0.52, respectively) and cigarettes smoke (1.52~{\textpm}~0.75, 0.7~{\textpm}~0.14, and 1.48~{\textpm}~0.79, respectively; p~\<~.05), whereas EC aerosol caused no statistically significant upregulation of these genes compared to the control group (0.63~{\textpm}~0.1, 0.31~{\textpm}~0.12, and 0.64~{\textpm}~0.46, respectively; p~\>~.05). The p21~gene was not significantly downregulated in EC aerosol (1.22~{\textpm}~0.46), Cannabis (0.71~{\textpm}~0.24), and cigarettes smokes (0.83~{\textpm}~0.54) compared to the control group (p~=~.053, analysis of variance).

CONCLUSION: Cannabis and cigarettes smoke induce DNA damage and cellular dedifferentiation and negatively affect the cellular proliferation and viability of GF/G-MSCs of never smokers, whereas EC aerosol showed a significantly lower impact on these properties.

}, author = {El-Mouelhy, Abir Tarek Mansour and Nasry, Sherine Adel and El-Dahab, Omnia Abou and Dina Sabry and Fawzy El-Sayed, Karim} }