@article {20120, title = {Antenatal depression in expectant fathers: an Egyptian study}, journal = {Egyptian J of Psychiatry}, volume = {33}, year = {2012}, pages = {90 - 96}, abstract = {

Background
Depression in relation to child conception and birth is not limited to mothers. Recently,
there has been a growing interest in the study of depression in expectant fathers and in
fathers after birth of their children, its correlates and consequences. These studies are
relatively rare, especially in our culture.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to screen for depressive symptoms in expectant fathers and
to study their sociodemographic, pregnancy and marital correlates.
Methods
Eighty-five Egyptian expectant fathers, husbands of Egyptian wives attending private
Gynaecology and Obstetrics clinics for regular follow up of an unthreatened
pregnancy, were asked to fill the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the
Intimate Bond Measure (I BM).
Results
A total of 31.8\% (n = 27) of the expectant fathers scored at least 10 on the
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, indicating possible depression. High
percentages of anxiety were found in both depressed and nondepressed participants.
Depression did not correlate with sociodemographic variables. A significantly higher
percentage of depressed participants desired a boy (48.1 vs. 24.1\%) and were
expecting a boy (40.1 vs. 24.1\%). Other pregnancy variables were not associated
with depression. A significantly higher percentage of depressed participants
(35 vs.19.5\%) perceived their marital relation as lacking intimacy, with only 5\% rating
their relation as having optimum intimacy on the I BM. Depression correlated negatively
(r = {\textendash} 0.269, P = 0.036) with the care subscale but not with the control subscale of
the I BM.
Conclusion
Fathers are probably at an increased risk of depression in the antenatal period, which
is related to their perception of marital intimacy. Delineation of specific cultural and
personal contributors needs further research.
Keywords:
antenatal depression, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, father, intimacy, paternal

}, author = {Moussa, S. and Emad, M and Khoweiled, A and Dalal Amer and Refaat, O and Goueli, T} }