Formulation and evaluation of itopride microcapsules in human volunteers
- Citation:
- Yehia, S. A., A. H. Elshafeey, A. N. ElMeshad, and H. Al-Bialey, "Formulation and evaluation of itopride microcapsules in human volunteers", Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 239-245, 2013.
Abstract:
In this study an attempt to sustain the oral release of itopride hydrochloride (ITO), a highly water-soluble drug, by microencapsulation using different polymers was carried out. The prepared microcapsules were characterized according to: particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release and in vivo study in healthy human volunteers. Results showed that the particle size of microcapsules ranged from 591 ± 2 to 886 ± 4 μm and the encapsulation efficiency of ITO inside microcapsules ranged from 63 ± 1 to 90 ± 1%. The optimum formulation had a particle size of 860 ± 11 μm and was able to entrap 90 ± 1% ITO. The in vitro release study showed that 88 ± 1% of ITO was released from the optimum formulation after 12 h using Eudragit RS-100. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the optimum formulation in human volunteers showed that the maximum plasma concentration was 1624 ± 168 ng/mL, AUC 0-∞ was 85835 ± 6116 ng .h/mL, AUC0-48 was 29728 ± 761 ng .h/mL, and the mean residence time was 108 ± 9 h. The relative bioavailability of ITO from the optimum formulation compared to commercial oral tablets Ganaton as a reference standard was 317.9%.
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