Basic Science Sector

Complex formation equilibria of dimethyltin (IV) with 4-hydroxymethyl imidazole (HMI) and 2,6-dihydroxymethyl pyridine (PDC) have been investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes formed were determined at different temperatures and ionic strength 0.1 M NaNO3. The concentration distribution of the complexes in solution was evaluated as a function of pH. The effect of dioxane as a solvent on both the protonation constants and the formation constants of dimethyltin (IV) complexes with HMI and PDC were discussed. The thermodynamic parameters ?H0 and ?S0 calculated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants were investigated.

The stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes formed between [Pd (AMBI)(H2O)2]2+, (AMBI = 2-(aminomethyl)-benzimidazole) with some selected bio-relevant ligands containing different functional groups, were investigated at 25 0C and 0.1 M ionic strength. The ligands used are imidazole, cysteine, glutathione (GSH), threonine, aspartic acid, 1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylic acid (CBDCA) and lysine. The stoichiometry and stability constants of the formed complexes are also reported, and the concentration distribution of the various complex species was evaluated as a function of pH. The results show ring opening of CBDCA and monodentate

Improvement of buffalo fertility during summer season was our goal. One hundred and sixty three buffalo-cows were examined for parasitic infection using coprological and serological methods. All animals were subjected to gynecological examination, through rectal palpation and using ultra sonic examination to detect the ovarian and genital tract condition. Thirty one non-pregnant buffalo-cows (18 healthy and 13 infected) were selected for treatment with CIDR OvSynch protocol. Blood samples were collected from animals before, during and after treatments. Serum samples were assayed for estradiol and progesterone using RIA technique. GPT,GOT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin, T. protein and glucose were measured . The percentage of infected buffaloes in the herd was 25.77% (42/163 animal), the prevalence of Fasciola Spp. infection among buffaloes was 6.75%. In Fasciola infected buffaloes, estradiol levels were decreased and progesterone concentration was increased significantly (p<0.05). Treatment with CIDR OvSynch protocol, elevated significantly both estradiol and progesterone levels in infected animals than healthy one, elevated direct bilirubin and total protein and decreased significantly ALP and glucose in infected animals. CIDR OvSynch regimen increased the pregnancy rate in both healthy (55.6%) and infected (30.8%) buffaloes. It is concluded that infection with Fasciola had adverse effects on some sex hormone and liver enzymes imbalance and animal fertility represented in decreasing response to synchronizing agents and lowering pregnancy rate.Treatment with CIDR OvSynch protocol improved buffalo fertility and resumed ovarian activity of buffaloes during summer season.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of elemental sulfur (S0) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Paracoccusversutus) on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of cucumber grown in sandy calcareous soils. Both elemental sulfur powder (S0P) and pellets of sulfur powder-Tiger 90 (S0T) were applied at rates of 0, 1, 5 and 10 t/ha at Al Hamraneya. On the contrary, S0P was used at rates of 0, 1, 5 and 10 t/ha combined with or without Paracoccusversutus (Pv) at Al Kuwaitat, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Higher concentrations of N, P, S, Mn and Zn in leaves and yield of cucumber at both locations were obtained with application of S0 at rates of 5 and 10 t/ha. Total soluble sugar (TSS) content and vitamin C was higher with the application of S0 at rates of 5 and 10 t/ha. Application of Pv individually or with varying levels of S0P had no positive effect on nutrients uptake, yield and quality of cucumber. A positive correlation was observed between shelf life and vitamin C. At Al Hamraneya S0P performed better than S0T. The results reveal that application of S0P at the rate of 5 t/ha in sandy calcareous soils can enhance the nutrients uptake ability, increase yield and superior quality of cucumber at both locations in UAE.

Three commonly used Antihelmenthic drugs including Dormectin (0.2 mg/kg), Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg) were examined for their antihelmenthic efficacy against experimental Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were orally infected with 500 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at 4 < sup > th day, against migrating larvae at 10 < sup > th days and against encysted larvae at 35 < sup > th day post infection (dpi). Rats were sacrificed five days post treatment.

The reaction of the new enaminone 2 with ?-ketohydrazonoyl chlorides 3 afforded 5-(pyrazol-4-yl)-carbonyl-2-benzoylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 5. Treatment of 5a with hydrazine hydrate led to formation of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine derivatives 8. The reaction of enaminone 2 with 6-amino-2-thioxopyrimidin-4-one 9 in acetic acid under reflux produced 2-thioxopyridopyrimidinone derivative 10. The latter compound or its methylthio derivative 15 reacts with hydrazonoyl chlorides 3 to give pyridotriazolopyrimidine derivatives 14. The newly synthesized compounds 2, 5, 8 and 14 were tested for their anti-alzheimer activity, and the results which obtained revealed their potency as drugs for Alzheimer disease.

The existence of multiperiodic and multisoliton solutions for parabolic one-dimensional scalarand vector equations is studied. It is shown that these solutions exist for a scalar equation if it is completelyintegrable and linearizable, while they exist for vector equations when they are completely integrable. Thegeometric structure of the solutions is similar to that of multidimensional equations. As applications, vector

Staphylococcus aureus is a globally distributed bacterium causing wide variety of illnesses in humans, which attributed to its ability to produce wide array of virulence factors, including enterotoxins that are responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus among pet dogs and cats and its public health implication. For this purpose, nasal, oral, and wound swabs were collected from 70 dogs and 47 cats, whereas nasal swabs were collected from 26 human contacts.

This work examines the beneficial effects for human health of bentonite, describing their use in pharmaceutical formulations. The bentonite samples must comply with some general features of pharmacopeia, including high mineral and chemical purities and absence of microbial pathogens, before considering their use in pharmacy. Specific characteristics such as sediment volume, swelling power and gel formation are also important for particular applications such as their use as suspending agents. Mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological analyses and pharmacopeia tests were carried out for a purified (raw and activated) Egyptian bentonite sample from North Western Desert (NWD), a Wyoming bentonite standard and a mineral currently used as a pharmaceutical product. The X-ray diffraction data revealed that the Egyptian sample has montmorillonite as a main mineral phase.

The effects of methanolic extracts of Juniperus phoenicea and Hyphaene thebaica on carbohydrate metabolism of male streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats were studied. Blood glucose, liver glycogen and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) as well as the contents of pyruvate and lactate were determined in brain, liver and kidney tissues of the experimental animals. The ingestion of both methanolic extracts significantly reduced the high level of blood glucose but elevated the liver glycogen content of the diabetic rats. PK activity reached the highest values in liver and kidneys but brain showed the minimal stimulation. HK activity had nearly the same trend as that of PK. In case of LDH, the activity was also stimulated in the examined organs of the treated animals. In addition, pyruvate contents were significantly decreased.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of unpeeled lentil seeds, apple and parsley in semi-modified diets on lipid fractions of hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic male albino rats. Blood lipid fractions of hyperlipidemic animals were improved by the antioxidant and protein lipotropic powers of diets used to protect animals from oxidation and precipitations on the walls of the blood vessel, thus alleviating atherosclerosis. The treatments with semi-modified diets improved the lipid fractions, such as total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as HDLC, LDL-C and VLDL-C, but also alleviated the risk factor of the hyperlipidemic rats. Total protein and its fractions (albumin, and globulin), lipids` peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes` activity (SOD and CAT) were readjusted around the normal values in hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats by the improvements of the present lipotropic factors and antioxidative agents in unpeeled lentil, apple and parsley by which hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were alleviated.

Published data over the last years on the methods of synthesis and biological applications of azolylthiazoles are reviewed here for the first time till 2011. The review was classified according to the type of azole ring linked to thiazole.

Atomic structure data and effective collision strengths for 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d10and 54 ?ne-structure levels contained in the con?gurations 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 4l (l=s, p, d, f) for the nickel-like Gd ion. These data are used in the determination of the reduced population for the 55 ?ne structure levels over a wide range of electron densities (from 1021 to 1023) and at various electron plasma temperatures. The gain coef?cient for those transitions with positive population inversion factor are determined and plotted against the electron density.

Atomic structure data and effective collision strengths for 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 and 54 fine–structure levels contained in the configurations 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4l (l = s, p, d, f) for the nickel-like La ion have been investigated. These data are used in the determination of the reduced population for the 55 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities (from 1020 to 1022) and at various electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factor are determined and plotted against the electron density.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have found themselves useful for diagnostic, drug delivery and biomedicine applications, but one of the important concerns is about their safety in clinical applications. Nanoparticle size has been shown to be an extremely important parameter affecting the nanoparticle uptake and cellular internalization.
The rheological properties assume to be very important as it affects the pressure drop and hence the pumping power when nano-fluids are circulated in a closed loop. The rheological and dielectric properties have not been documented and identified before. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rheology and the dielectric properties of different GNPs sizes in aqueous solution.
Methods: 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs (Product MKN-Au, CANADA) was used in this study. The rheological parameters were viscosity, torque, shear stress, shear rate, plastic viscosity, yield stress, consistency index, and activation energy. These rheological parameters were measured using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer supplied with temperature bath and controlled by a computer.
The shear stress and shear rate of GNPs have shown a linear relationship and GNPs exhibited Newtonian behaviour. The GNPs with larger particle size (50 nm) exhibited more viscosity than those with smaller particle sizes (10 and 20 nm). Viscosity decreased with increasing the temperature for all the examined GNP sizes. The flow behaviour index (n) values were nearly ≤ 1 for all examined GNP sizes.
Dielectric data indicated that the GNPs have strong dielectric dispersion in the frequency range of 20-100 kHz. The conductivity and relaxation time decreased with increasing the GNP size. This study indicates that the GNP size has considerable influence on the viscosity of GNPs. The strong dielectric dispersion was GNP size dependent.
The decrease in relaxation time might be attributed to increase in the localized charges distribution within the medium confirmed by the conductivity data. This study suggests that further experiments are required to be done after the administration of GNPs through different routes in rats in vivo.
Keywords: Gold nanoparticles; Rheological parameters; Size; Temperature; Dielectric; Conductivity.

One particularly exciting field of research involves the use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the detection and treatment of cancer cells in the liver. The detection and treatment of cancer is an area in which the light absorption and emission characteristics of GNPs have become useful. Currently, there are no data available regarding the fluorescence spectra or in vivo accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in rat liver after repeated administration. In an attempt to characterise the potential toxicity or hazards of GNPs in therapeutic or diagnostic use, the present study measured fluorescence spectra, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of GNPs at 3 and 7 days following intraperitoneal administration of a 50 ?l/day

2,3?Dihydro?1,3,4?thiadiazoles, triazolino[4,3?a]pyrimidines, isoxazoles and isoxazolo[3,4? d]pyridazines containing coumarin moities were synthesized from the reactions of methyl(or benzyl) carbodithioate, pyrimidine?2?thione and 3?(3?(dimethylamino)acryloyl)?2H?chromen?2?one derivatives with C?coumarinoyl?N?phenylhydrazonoyl bromide. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral data.

The role of ambient conditions on the spatial and temporal evolution of the aluminum plasma spectral emission is studied. Measurements were carried out in vacuum as well as in air at atmospheric pressure to determine the optimum value of both distances from target and of the delay time at which the spectral line emission is most intense.