Basic Science Sector

Forty-eight Baladi ewes were used to determine the effects of supplementation of vitamin E and /or Selenium on Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and /or Selenium on metabolic and reproductive performance of Egyptian Baladi under subtropical conditions. The ewes were randomly assigned into six equal groups (n=8); group 1, was kept as a control and was fed the basal diet; group 2 selenium (Se) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg of selenium per kg of diet. Group 3 vitamin E (Vit E ) and group 4 (Vit E ) received the same basal diet supplemented with 25, 50 mg Vit E per kg of diet respectively. Group 5 selenium+ vitamin E (Se +Vit E ) and group 6 selenium+ vitamin E (Se+VitE ) were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.3mg of selenium plus 25 and 50 mg Vit E per kg of diet respectively.

The anthelminthic efficacy of some differently obtained extracts of several plants was tested in vivo in laboratory animals and in vitro. The extracts were obtained by ethanolic, methanolic, aqueous, or chloroform, respectively, acetonitrile polyethylenglycol (PEG) and/or propylencarbonate (PC) elution at room temperature or at 37°C. The plants used were bulbs of onions, garlic, chives, coconut, birch tree, ananas, cistrose, banana, chicory, date palm fruit, fig, pumpkin, and neem tree seeds. The worm systems tested both in vivo and in vitro were Trichuris muris and Angiostrongylus cantonensis but only in vivo Toxocara cati. The tests clearly showed that the different extraction methods eluted different components and different mass amounts, which had different efficacies against the above-cited worms. In vitro effects against A. cantonensis and T.muris were best with aqueous extracts, followed by chloroform extracts. The other plant extracts showed only low or no effects on A. cantonensis in vitro. In the case of T. muris, best results were obtained in vivo and in vitro with PEG/PC extracts of the onion followed by the aqueous extract of coconut. The complete elimination of worms in the in vivo experiments with T. muris was obtained when infected mice were treated with a 1:1 mixture of extracts of coconut and onion being produced by elutions with a mixture of 1:1 PEG and PC and fed daily for 8 days. T. cati in a naturally infected cat was eliminated by daily oral application of 6 ml coco’s fluid for 5 days. This study shows that a broad spectrum of plants has anti-nematodal activities, the intensity of which, however, depends on the mode of extraction. This implicates that, if results should be really comparable, the same extraction methods at the same temperatures have to be used. Furthermore, efficacy in in vitro systems does not guarantee as good—if at all—efficacy in vivo.

This study was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the effects of elemental sulfur (S-0), Paracoccus versutus (Pv), phosphorus (P) and micronutrients (DTPA extractable Fe+Mn+Zn) both singly and combined on nutrient availability of calcareous soils. Soils were collected from Al Semaih, Al Dhahrah and Melaiha in United Arab Emirates (UAE) and all soils were incubated at 40 +/- 2(0)C for 32, 64, 96 and 128 days. Soil pH dropped and S concentration increased significantly with the addition of S-0 alone or in combination with Pv, P and micronutrients in all types of soils. Elemental S application considerably increased the electrical conductivity (EC) of Al Semaih and Melaiha soils but reduced EC in Al Dhahrah soils at 128 days after incubation (DAI). Phosphorus availability was higher and prolonged with the application of S-0 along with P. Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) availability did not increase with the individual application of S-0 or P. Inoculation of Pv influenced S and P availability but had no effect on iron (Fe), Mn and Zn. The study suggests that S-0 is an effective agent for the amendment of sandy calcareous soils. Application of S-0 accompanied with Pv, P and micronutrients are essential for nutrient availability in calcareous soils.

The effects of inclusion of pea hulls (PH) in the diet on growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract and nutrient retention were studied in broilers from 1 to 18 d of age. There were a control diet based on low fibre ingredients (69.3 total dietary fibre (16.1 g crude fibre/kg)) and three additional diets that resulted from the dilution of the basal diet with 25, 50 and 75 g PH/kg (81.2, 93.2, and 105.1 g total dietary fibre/kg diet, respectively). Each treatment was replicated six times and the experimental unit was a cage with 12 chicks. Growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract and the coefficients of total tract apparent retention (CTTAR) of nutrients were recorded at 6, 12 and 18 d of age. In addition, jejunal morphology was measured at 12 and 18 d and the coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of nutrients at 18 d of age. Pea hulls inclusion affected all the parameters studied.

The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotic as alternatives to antibiotics in prevention of reduction of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infections in broiler chickens were studied, as well as the effect on shedding of S. typhimurium in both intestine content and internal organs in the experimental chickens. Obtained results proved that addition of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and/or prebiotic (Agrimos) to the ration of the chickens which were vaccinated with live attenuated S. typhimurium vaccine enhance the immune response and produced higher antibody titres than those vaccinated only.

Electrochemical measurements were used to characterize the effect of Nb and Cr on the corrosion behavior of two types of Al-bearing transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels in naturally aerated sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions over a wide concentration range. In all cases, the open-circuit potential shifts toward more negative values with time until the potential acquires a steady-state value, which depends on both steel composition and chloride concentration. The sample with higher Al content (1.32 wt%) displays significantly more negative corrosion potential (Ecorr), larger corrosion current density (icorr) in polarization curves and lower fitted film resistance (R1) values in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots.

A greenhouse experiment was carried out with elemental sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer usingacidified water (pH 6.5) to determine nutrients uptake and growth of maize plants grown in calcareoussandy soil. Four levels of elemental sulfur (0, 1, 5 and 10 t ha-1), two levels of N (0 and 0.34 t N ha-1) weretested at Al Foah Agricultural Experiment Farm, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University. In Al Semaihsoil, the pH (1.21-1.33) and electrical conductivity (EC) (7.61 dSm-1) decreased by application ofelemental S plus N, while EC rose (3.84 dSm-1) and pH reduced (1.20 to 1.11) in Al Zaid soil. Acidityimproved by decreasing soil pH, Na and Cl concentration in both soils. A significant change wasobserved by application of acidified water at Al Semaih soil causing high levels in the initial status ofEC, Na and Cl concentrations in the soil. A negative relationship was observed with soil pH among N, P,S, Fe, Zn and Mn, while uptake availability of sulfur and nitrogen had positive relationship with allnutrients. Elemental sulfur at the rate of 5 t ha-1 and nitrogen had a significant contribution towardsuptake availability of N, P, S, Fe, Zn and Mn in both Al Zaid and Al Semaih soils. Based on experimentalfindings, elemental S at the rate of 5 tha-1 and N fertilizer (0.34 t ha-1) is suitable for the growth of maizeat both soils. Al Zaid soil possesses advantages over Al Semaih soil due to its high nutrient uptakeability.

{We investigated the potential effects of 30 min irradiation from a mobile telecommunication system. 60 Pregnantrats divided to three groups; the first serve as the control (G1

To date, only parts of mitochondrial DNA from cytochrome b, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and non-coding D loop had been sequenced for different species of Oryx. Discrepancy in the genetic relationship among Oryx species was previously revealed when combinations of these sequences wereanalyzed. In the present study, various combinations of these data sets and different sampling sizes of the closely related tribes of the family Bovidae were manipulated using bioinformatics. These data were used to provide the genetic kinship among different Oryx species. The complete cytochrome b gene sequence was also used alone for the same purpose after excluding the third position of its codons. Using Bayesian (BA), maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) analytical methods

This paper studies numerically two-dimensional fractional super-diffusive differential equations. The Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) are presented. Comparison with the theoretical solutions shows that these methods are efficient and have the same order of accuracy.

One crustacean shell and 24 gastropod shells related to 13 different families are collected and described from Ras Sudr region (northeast Gulf of Suez), Egypt. These are one species from cirripedia, one species from vermetidae, three species from Trochidae, one species from Turbinidae, one species from Neritidae, one species from Turritellidae, five species from cerithiidae, three species from Strombidae, one species from Fasciolariidae, one species from Melongenidae, four species from Muricidae, two species from Cypraeidae and one species from Naticidae.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvements is one of the important issue in lidar measurements, particularly for lidar daytime operations. Skylight background noise precincts lidar daytime operations and disturbs the measurement sensitivity. In the past, polarization selective lidar systems have been used mostly for separating and analyzing polarization of lidar returns for a variety of purposes. A polarization discrimination technique was proposed to maximize lidar detected SNR taking advantage of the natural polarization properties of scattered skylight radiation to track and minimize detected sky background noise (BGS). In our previous work this tracking technique was achieved by rotating, manually, a combination of polarizer and analyzer on both the lidar transmitter and receiver subsystems, respectively. Minimum BGS take place at polarization orientation that follows the solar azimuth angle, even for high aerosol loading. In this article, we report a design to automate the polarization discrimination technique by real time tracking of the azimuth angle to attain the maximum lidar SNR. Using an appropriate control system, it would then be possible to track the minimum BGS by rotating the detector analyzer and the transmission polarizer simultaneously, achieving the same manually obtained results. Analytical results for New York City are summarized and an approach for applying the proposed design globally is investigated.

Glasses doped with rare earth (RE) ions are widely studied due to the numerous applications of these systems (active media for solid state lasers, optical telecommunication non-linear optical materials, electro-optic devices, etc.). Boron trioxide, B2O3, is a known glass forming oxide with a relative low melting temperature. The addition of a transition metal oxide, such as V2O5, promotes the exhibition of semiconducting properties making these promising systems for several technological applications, such that ones involved in solar energy conversion devices. It is known that alkali borovanadate glasses, like alkali borate glasses themselves, are ionically conducting materials. Despite their importance there are only few studies on these glasses reported on literature. Thus, the alkali-borovanadate glass system constitutes a family with high interest from the electrical and dielectric point of view. The effect of the increment of alkali quantity in the electrical and dielectric response of these glasses and the physical/structural explanation are questions which will be addressed. In this work, the transparent glass samples with molar composition 0.01Sm2O3- 0.99[0.85B2O3-(0.15-x)Li2O-xV2O5] with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5 and 2 (mol %) were prepared by conventional melting technique. The prepared samples were fullycharacterized using different experimental techniques such as, differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical and dielectric measurements. The samples structure, electrical and dielectric properties as a function of vanadium ions content was explored and discussed.

CO oxidation at Pt anodes modified with manganese oxide nanorods (nano-MnOx/Pt) has been studied by cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry. Both CO adlayer stripping and oxidation of bulk CO are enhanced by nano-MnOx as compared to unmodified Pt electrodes. This is manifested by a negative shift of ca. 200 mV in the peak potential of CO adlayer stripping at the modified compared to the unmodified Pt surface. This enhancement is attributed to the catalytic -MnOOH single?mediation of manganese oxide nanorods (electrodeposited in a crystalline phase,) which supplies oxygen species at relatively low anodic potentials and thus facilitates the oxidation of CO to CO2. This finding sheds new light on the formic acid oxidation in the presence of MnOx, as the latter can remove CO efficiently from the Pt surface and hence prevents its de-activation.

Marine environment is a complex corrosive system and presence of red algae is one of the factors that influence corrosion processes. Biofouling is one of the major impediments in the use of titanium in sea-water cooled condensers of power plants, which is otherwise an excellent material with respect to corrosion resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried out in 3.5% NaCl to study the corrosion inhibition effect of red algal extracts on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The results indicated that the type of extract, the extract concentration and the immersion time affect the inhibition efficiency (IE%). In general, corrosion rate for J1, J2 and J3 [Successive extractions by hexane (J1), ethyl acetate (J2) and methanol (J3)] decreases with increasing its concentration or immersion time. The order of IE% was found to be J3 ? J1 ? J2. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to fit well the experimental data. Values were calculated for the adsorption process and it is seemed to be in the order of: J3 (365.66 ppm-1) ? J1 (150.42 ppm-1) ? J2 (58.35 ppm-1).