Basic Science Sector

New 5-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylidene)- and 5-(1H-indan-1-ylidene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinones 3a,b were synthesized Eco-friendly under microwave irradiation(MWI). These compounds undergo alkaline hydrolysis to afford thecorresponding thiol derivatives 4a,b, which cyclized into polysubstituted thiazoles 6a-h using arylazomalononitriles 5a-d as nucleophilic agents. Some selected products were tested for their antimicrobial activities. The equilibrium geometries of the studied compounds were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of the density functional theory (DFT). Conformational analysis has been carried out to determine the most stable conformers. The relative stability of the azo and hydrazo tautomers has been investigated. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap is used in rationalizing the reactivity of the studied compounds.

Published data over the last years on the methods of synthesis and biological applications of azolylthiazoles are reviewed here for the first time till 2011. The review was classified according to the type of azole ring linked to thiazole.

The antioxidant and anticancer activities of Syzygium cumini fruit extracts were investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay and viability of leukemia cancer cells (AML cell line) respectively. The successive extracts, hexane, chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water were prepared and subjected to antioxidant and anticancer evaluation. The results showed that the ethanol extract had stronger antioxidant and anti- leukemia activities than the other ones. Spectroscopic methods data of active ingredients separated from ethanol extract indicated that S.cumini fruit extracts contained phenolic compounds, such as Kaempferol 7-O-methylether and sterols such as ?-Sitosterol responsible for their antioxidant and anticancer activities.

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Introduction: The antioxidant Taurine found to display antineoplastic effect through down regulation of angiogenesis and enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis. It has been found that progressive inhibition of apoptosis and induction of angiogenesis may contribute to tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Aim of the study: To correlate taurine level with the levels of some bioomolecules operating in both angiogenesis (VEGF, CD31) and apoptosis (TNF-a and Caspas-3) which could help for breast cancer pronostication and to evaluate a possible role of serum taurine level as an early marker for breast cancer in Egyptian patients. Patients and methods: Four groups of a total 85 female candidates were studied in this work. The first group consists of 50 female patients at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University were diagnosed and undergoing surgery for breast carcinoma. In the second group 10 having benign breast lesions, were included. The third group consists of five cases, with positive family history. Twenty healthy females were also recruited as control. A preoperative blood sample were taken from each patient to measure serum level of VEGF; Taurine; CA15.3 and TNFa. Sample of fresh tumor and their corresponding safety margins were obtained from the first and second groups, for determination of caspase-3; histopathological examination and immunohistochemical assay of VEGF and CD31.

Taxonomic considerations among and within some Egyptian taxa of Capparis and related genera (Capparaceae)as revealed by RAPD fingerprinting.- This investigation was carried out to assess the taxonomic relationships among eight taxa of the Egyptian members of Capparaceae based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, and to compare the results with those obtained from morphological studies.

There has been a great deal of controversy regarding the taxa and their taxonomic status of Veronica sect. Beccabunga in Egypt. The present study aimed at critical reappraisal of the taxonomy of Veronica sect. Beccabunga in Egypt by numerical and molecular approaches. Representative specimens were collected from their natural habitats and subjected to morphological description and RAPD amplification, using five random primers. Cluster analysis was applied to morphological and RAPD data separately.

The theoretical analysis discussed in this work is a suitable mathematical tool by which theperformance of the proposed collector can be predicted. The obtained experimental results coincide withthe obtained theoretical data obtained from the devised computer program. Controlled output temperaturecan be obtained from the proposed system. The performance of the tested collector under the proposed intermittent flow conditions overcomes that of the conventional thermosyphone flow collector.

(Book Description): Scientists are, all the time, in a struggle with uncertainty which is always a threat to a trustworthy scientific knowledge. A very simple and natural idea, to defeat uncertainty, is that of enclosing uncertain measured values in real closed intervals.

Three commonly used Antihelmenthic drugs including Dormectin (0.2 mg/kg), Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg) were examined for their antihelmenthic efficacy against experimental Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were orally infected with 500 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at 4 < sup > th day, against migrating larvae at 10 < sup > th days and against encysted larvae at 35 < sup > th day post infection (dpi). Rats were sacrificed five days post treatment.

The reaction of [Pd(Et4en)(H2O)2]2+ (Et4en = N,N,N_,N_-tetraethylethylenediamine) with amino acids, peptides, dicarboxylic acids or DNA constituents was investigated at 37?C and 0.16M ionic strength. The stoichiometry and stability of the complexes formed were determined and the binding centers of the ligands were assigned. The concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes were evaluated. The equilibrium constants for the displacement of representative coordinated ligands such as inosine, glycine or methionine by mercaptoethylamine were calculated and the concentration distribution diagrams of the various species were evaluated.

We investigated the pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of different multivesicular liposome (MVL) formulations for the delivery of Rose Bengal (RB) into skin layers for topical photodynamic therapy. The drug content, uniformity, spreadability and release kinetics of the optimum hydrogel formulation were studied. Skin penetration of the prepared gels was studied in albino mice using fluorescence microscopy and the photodynamic properties were evaluated.

A novel, simple approach to the synthesis of macrocyclic Schiff base ligand bearing pendent coordinating groups is described and its 1:1 inclusion complexes are prepared and characterized. The composition of the title material was determined by the chemical and spectroscopic methods and the surrounding of metal with the octahedral structure for the all complexes was suggested. The data reveal that the ligand acts as O2N4 hexadentate structure with each metal atom in an octahedral environment.

Specimens of Trichodina fahaka parasitizing Tetradon fahaka, collected from the Nile River, were described. Taxonomic and morphometric data for this trichodinid based on wet silver nitrate impregnated specimens were presented. The infection was severe and prevailed almost throughout the year. The overall prevalence was 45% with maximum rate during winter and minimum rate during summer.

The present work is concerned with the two-body problem with varying mass in case of only one body ejects mass. The problem is treated analytically in the Hamiltonian frame-work and the equations of motion are integrated using the Lie series developed and applied, separately, by Delva [10] and Hanslmeier [2]. The Hamiltonian is constructed up to second order using time as independent variable. The equations of motion are integrated using the Lie operator and Lie series, yielding the solution directly in terms of the coordinates.

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were described for the determination of cyclopentolate (CPH) and naphazoline hydrochlorides (NPZ) drugs in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations based on ion pair and charge transfer complexation reactions, respectively. The first method is based on the reaction of the CPH drug with Mo(V)-thiocyanate in hydrochloric acid medium and dyestuff reagents namely bromophenol blue (BPB), bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP).

This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, in May during the two seasons of 2008 and 2009 on roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The objective was to improve the vegetative growth, yield characters and antioxidant activity of plants growing under different organic and inorganic media conditions in response to the spray of amino acids, humic acids and micro elements. The results showed great similarity which had been noticed with the majority of the studied characters in both seasons.

Rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (RVHD) is a highly contagious, highly fatal, peracute and acute viral disease of both wild and domestic rabbits caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Testing for haemagglutination activity (HA) in processed liver samples is one of the cornerstones for rapid diagnosis of RHDV outbreaks in national rabbitries. However, RHDV isolates exhibiting no HA activity are increasingly being reported. The extent of deviation from classical HA activity patterns for RHDV strains in Egypt has not been investigated. This study compared the HA activity patterns of samples collected from 61 RHDV outbreaks that occurred between 1999 and 2005 to determine whether dependence on HA test (HAT) for diagnosis of RHDV outbreaks needs to be reviewed. All samples were confirmed RHDV positive using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. Using slide HAT, only 36.1% of samples were positive (22 samples). Plate HAT conducted at 4?C detected an additional 16 positive samples bringing the total HA-positive samples to 38 (62.3%). Plate HAT conducted at 22?C failed to detect additional positive samples. The majority of samples detected after plate HA testing (62.5%) had HA titres comparable to those obtained from slide-HA-positive samples, indicating that the difference in HA activity is dependent on the nature of the HA antigen rather than its presence. Direct detection of HA activity failed in 37.7% of samples despite the presence of classical signs, pathology, and being reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for three different VP60 regions. Experimental infection of seronegative rabbits with 9 HA negative RHDV samples showed that 5 isolates were in-fact HA positive, while only 4 isolates remained HA negative. The increased detection of viruses lacking HA activity and the low HAT sensitivity mandates the use of molecular techniques for rapid confirmation of RHDV diagnosis in the Egyptian environment.

A simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assay ofsildenafil citrate (SILC) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations (Virecta tablets). This method is based on theformation of chloroform soluble ion-pair of SILC with bromothymol blue (BTB) and methylene chloride soluble ionpairof SILC with bromophenol blue (BPB) and eriochrome blue black R (EBBR) in borax buffer of pH 3 and volume1mL for BTB while acetate buffer of pH 3 and volume 1mL for BPB and universal buffer of pH 2 and volume 1.5 mLfor EBBR with absorption maximum at 415, 420 nm and 510 nm for BTB, BPB and EBBR reagents, respectively.