Basic Science Sector

The role of ambient conditions on the spatial and temporal evolution of the aluminum plasma spectral emission is studied. Measurements were carried out in vacuum as well as in air at atmospheric pressure to determine the optimum value of both distances from target and of the delay time at which the spectral line emission is most intense.

This article details with the synthesis and surface modification of AM50 magnesium alloy and its composite (AM50-5%ZrO2 and AM50-10% ZrO2) substrate to improve the corrosion resistance. Environmentally friendly chemical conversion coating based on permanganate–phosphate solution was used in this study. Deposition of electroless Ni–P alloy and electrodeposition Ni onto AM50 magnesium alloys have been carried out. The influences of pretreatment steps on the surface morphology and composition analysis have been studied using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersed X-ray system (SEM/EDS). Additionally, the surface morphology and phase composition of the coatings were determined with (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Moreover, potentiodynamic polarization tests have been used to estimate the corrosion behavior of unprotected and protected AM50 Mg and its composite alloys in 5% NaCl solutions.

The biological application of labeled nanoparticles is a rapidly developing area of nanotechnology that raises new possibilities in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been prepared via wet chemical method. Fluorescein capped gold nanoparticles have been prepared by a reduction of the HAuCl4 in boiling fluorescein sodium solution. The results indicated that the spectrum exhibits one curve with two absorption bands at

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Introduction: The antioxidant Taurine found to display antineoplastic effect through down regulation of angiogenesis and enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis. It has been found that progressive inhibition of apoptosis and induction of angiogenesis may contribute to tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Aim of the study: To correlate taurine level with the levels of some bioomolecules operating in both angiogenesis (VEGF, CD31) and apoptosis (TNF-a and Caspas-3) which could help for breast cancer pronostication and to evaluate a possible role of serum taurine level as an early marker for breast cancer in Egyptian patients. Patients and methods: Four groups of a total 85 female candidates were studied in this work. The first group consists of 50 female patients at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University were diagnosed and undergoing surgery for breast carcinoma. In the second group 10 having benign breast lesions, were included. The third group consists of five cases, with positive family history. Twenty healthy females were also recruited as control. A preoperative blood sample were taken from each patient to measure serum level of VEGF; Taurine; CA15.3 and TNFa. Sample of fresh tumor and their corresponding safety margins were obtained from the first and second groups, for determination of caspase-3; histopathological examination and immunohistochemical assay of VEGF and CD31.

Taxonomic considerations among and within some Egyptian taxa of Capparis and related genera (Capparaceae)as revealed by RAPD fingerprinting.- This investigation was carried out to assess the taxonomic relationships among eight taxa of the Egyptian members of Capparaceae based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, and to compare the results with those obtained from morphological studies.

There has been a great deal of controversy regarding the taxa and their taxonomic status of Veronica sect. Beccabunga in Egypt. The present study aimed at critical reappraisal of the taxonomy of Veronica sect. Beccabunga in Egypt by numerical and molecular approaches. Representative specimens were collected from their natural habitats and subjected to morphological description and RAPD amplification, using five random primers. Cluster analysis was applied to morphological and RAPD data separately.

The theoretical analysis discussed in this work is a suitable mathematical tool by which theperformance of the proposed collector can be predicted. The obtained experimental results coincide withthe obtained theoretical data obtained from the devised computer program. Controlled output temperaturecan be obtained from the proposed system. The performance of the tested collector under the proposed intermittent flow conditions overcomes that of the conventional thermosyphone flow collector.

(Book Description): Scientists are, all the time, in a struggle with uncertainty which is always a threat to a trustworthy scientific knowledge. A very simple and natural idea, to defeat uncertainty, is that of enclosing uncertain measured values in real closed intervals.

Three commonly used Antihelmenthic drugs including Dormectin (0.2 mg/kg), Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg) were examined for their antihelmenthic efficacy against experimental Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were orally infected with 500 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at 4 < sup > th day, against migrating larvae at 10 < sup > th days and against encysted larvae at 35 < sup > th day post infection (dpi). Rats were sacrificed five days post treatment.

The reaction of [Pd(Et4en)(H2O)2]2+ (Et4en = N,N,N_,N_-tetraethylethylenediamine) with amino acids, peptides, dicarboxylic acids or DNA constituents was investigated at 37?C and 0.16M ionic strength. The stoichiometry and stability of the complexes formed were determined and the binding centers of the ligands were assigned. The concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes were evaluated. The equilibrium constants for the displacement of representative coordinated ligands such as inosine, glycine or methionine by mercaptoethylamine were calculated and the concentration distribution diagrams of the various species were evaluated.

We investigated the pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of different multivesicular liposome (MVL) formulations for the delivery of Rose Bengal (RB) into skin layers for topical photodynamic therapy. The drug content, uniformity, spreadability and release kinetics of the optimum hydrogel formulation were studied. Skin penetration of the prepared gels was studied in albino mice using fluorescence microscopy and the photodynamic properties were evaluated.

Specimens of Trichodina fahaka parasitizing Tetradon fahaka, collected from the Nile River, were described. Taxonomic and morphometric data for this trichodinid based on wet silver nitrate impregnated specimens were presented. The infection was severe and prevailed almost throughout the year. The overall prevalence was 45% with maximum rate during winter and minimum rate during summer.

The present work is concerned with the two-body problem with varying mass in case of only one body ejects mass. The problem is treated analytically in the Hamiltonian frame-work and the equations of motion are integrated using the Lie series developed and applied, separately, by Delva [10] and Hanslmeier [2]. The Hamiltonian is constructed up to second order using time as independent variable. The equations of motion are integrated using the Lie operator and Lie series, yielding the solution directly in terms of the coordinates.

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were described for the determination of cyclopentolate (CPH) and naphazoline hydrochlorides (NPZ) drugs in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations based on ion pair and charge transfer complexation reactions, respectively. The first method is based on the reaction of the CPH drug with Mo(V)-thiocyanate in hydrochloric acid medium and dyestuff reagents namely bromophenol blue (BPB), bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP).

This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, in May during the two seasons of 2008 and 2009 on roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The objective was to improve the vegetative growth, yield characters and antioxidant activity of plants growing under different organic and inorganic media conditions in response to the spray of amino acids, humic acids and micro elements. The results showed great similarity which had been noticed with the majority of the studied characters in both seasons.

Rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (RVHD) is a highly contagious, highly fatal, peracute and acute viral disease of both wild and domestic rabbits caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Testing for haemagglutination activity (HA) in processed liver samples is one of the cornerstones for rapid diagnosis of RHDV outbreaks in national rabbitries. However, RHDV isolates exhibiting no HA activity are increasingly being reported. The extent of deviation from classical HA activity patterns for RHDV strains in Egypt has not been investigated. This study compared the HA activity patterns of samples collected from 61 RHDV outbreaks that occurred between 1999 and 2005 to determine whether dependence on HA test (HAT) for diagnosis of RHDV outbreaks needs to be reviewed. All samples were confirmed RHDV positive using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. Using slide HAT, only 36.1% of samples were positive (22 samples). Plate HAT conducted at 4?C detected an additional 16 positive samples bringing the total HA-positive samples to 38 (62.3%). Plate HAT conducted at 22?C failed to detect additional positive samples. The majority of samples detected after plate HA testing (62.5%) had HA titres comparable to those obtained from slide-HA-positive samples, indicating that the difference in HA activity is dependent on the nature of the HA antigen rather than its presence. Direct detection of HA activity failed in 37.7% of samples despite the presence of classical signs, pathology, and being reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for three different VP60 regions. Experimental infection of seronegative rabbits with 9 HA negative RHDV samples showed that 5 isolates were in-fact HA positive, while only 4 isolates remained HA negative. The increased detection of viruses lacking HA activity and the low HAT sensitivity mandates the use of molecular techniques for rapid confirmation of RHDV diagnosis in the Egyptian environment.

Background: The antibacterial drugs were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be employed systematically for the prevention and cure of bacterial infection in humans. The considerable medical and their subsequent wide spread use were quickly reflected in the sharp decline in morbidity and mortality figures for the treatable infections diseases. Before penicillin became generally available, cefotaxime sodium was the mainstry of antibacterial chemotherapy.

The condensation reaction of 2-aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile ( 1 ) with 2-acetyl-furan ( 2 ) afforded 2-amino-4-(furan-2-yl)penta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile ( 3 ). The latter compound underwent a series of heterocyclization reactions to give quinoline, furan, pyrazole and thiophene derivatives. The antitumor evaluation of the newly synthe-sized products against three cancer cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) and CNS cancer (SF-268) were recorded. Three of the synthesized compounds, namely 4 , 5d and 12 showed high inhibitory effects.

Male-killing bacteria are thought to persist in host populations by vertical transmission and conferring direct and ? or indirect fitness benefits to their hosts. Here, we test the role of indirect fitness benefits accrued from resource reallocation in species that engage in sibling egg cannibalism. We found that a single-egg meal significantly increased larval survival in 12 ladybird species, but the value of an egg (to survival) differed substantially between species. Next, we tested the impact of three male-killing bacteria on larval survival in one ladybird species, Adalia bipunctata. Spiroplasma reduced larval survival, whereas Wolbachia and Rickettsia had no effect. However, Spiroplasma-infected larvae showed the greatest response to a single-egg meal.

Background and Objectives: Mobile phone radiation and health concerns have been raised, especially following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephony throughout the world. The present study aims to investigate the effect of one hour daily exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with frequency of 900 Mz (SAR 1.165 w/kg, power density 0.02 mW/cm2) on the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the midbrain, cerebellum and medulla of adult and young male albino rats.