Basic Science Sector

{The aim of the present investigation was aimed to evaluate the Comparative study efficacy of different medicaments on postpartum anestrus dairy cows. the study was conducted on forty eight Friesian cows. The true anestrous cows (Experiment 1

The present paper investigates the efficacy of common anti-tick repellents in Europe and in the USA. There were tested Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Rhipcephalus sanguineus when they are placed onto hands and clothes of male and female humans being treated with common tick repellents. It was seen that DEET needed high concentrations to repel ticks, while essential oils are mostly inefficient. On the other hand saltidin = icaridin, p-menthan-diol and IR 3535 showed long-lasting effects, which in the case of combinations of saltidin and Vitex extracts were even increased.

Binary and ternary complexes of copper(II) involving promethazine, N,Ndimethyl-3-(phenothiazin-10-yl)propylamine (Prom) and various biologically relevant ligands containing different functional groups, were investigated. The ligands (L) are dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, amides and DNA constituents. The ternary complexes of amino acids, dicarboxylic acids or amides are formed by simultaneous reactions. The results showed the formation of Cu(Prom)(L) complexes with amino acids and dicarboxylic acids. The effect of chelate ring size of the dicarboxylic acid complexes on their stability constants was examined. Amides form both Cu(Prom)(L) complexes and the corresponding deprotonated species Cu(Prom)(LH-1). The ternary complexes of copper(II) with (Prom) and DNA are formed in a stepwise process, whereby binding of copper(II) to (Prom) is followed by ligation of the DNA components. DNA constituents form both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with Cu (Prom)2+. The stability of these ternary complexes was quantitatively compared with their corresponding binary complexes in terms of the parameters ?log10K. The values of ? log10K indicate that the ternary complexes containing aromatic amino acids were significantly more stable than the complexes containing alkyl-and hydroxyalkyl substituted amino acids. The concentration distribution of various complex species formed in solution was also evaluated as a function of pH. The solid complexes [Cu(Prom)L)] where L = 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid (CBDCA), oxalic and malonic acid were isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, TGA, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Spectroscopic studies of the complexes revealed that the complexes exhibits square planar coordination with copper(II). The isolated solid complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activities using the disc diffusion method against some selected bacteria and fungi. The activity data show that the metal complexes are found to have antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Garnet nanoparticles Dy2.8Sr0.2Fe5O12 (DySrIG) were prepared by citrate auto-combustion method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The suitable formation of this garnet in single phase was at 1100oC with crystallite of size 95 nm. The Curie temperature of DySrIG is obtained at 610K. eff was calculated experimentally and?The effective magnetic moment theoretically and they are compatible with each other. The dielectric constant / increases from order 102 at room temperature to 104 at 850K passing by four? transition temperatures. The temperature dependence of the resistivity of DySrIG at different frequencies (f) 100kHz?f?5MHz indicates also the presence /?of 5 transition temperatures which are slightly different from those of data. The resistivity data are frequency independent at f<1MHz. The transition height is decreased by increasing the temperature from ? 5M?cm at 320K and 200kHz to ? 20?cm at 700K. Accordingly, Dy2.8Sr0.2Fe5O12 (DySrIG) is recommended for the use in phase shifter, circulators and microwave applications.

Simple and accurate conductometric titration has been used for determination of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan (Dex), where sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), silicotungstic acid (STA), phosphotungstic acid (PTA), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and reineckate ammonium salt (RAS) were used as titrants.

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The present review casts light on the main strategies for the synthesis of fused heterocycles by metal-mediated [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of alkynes and/or nitriles as well as their specific syntheses. A number of other reviews that have appeared, concerning [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of alkynes and or nitriles to fused heterocycles, did not pay special attention to the synthesis of such systems in an organized manner with respect to the type of the heterocyclic systems.

Four Aegilops species (Aegilops longissima, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops searsii and Aegilops caudata) belonging to the family Poaceae were used in this study. Nucleotides of 1651 bp from 5.8 S rRNA gene and the intergenic spacers trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF from the chloroplast DNA were combined together in order to investigate the genetic diversity among the earlier mentioned species. Maximum parsimony and Neighbor-joining computational methods for tree building were applied to construct the relationship among the Aegilops species. In all trials, one parsimonious tree was obtained, in which, the A. speltoides was the oldest and was out of a cluster containing the other three Aegilops species. A. searsii and A. caudata were sisters to each other, while A. longissima was basal in this cluster. These findings did not agree with previous karyotypic studies in which A. searsii was the oldest, and A. caudata was recently originated, while both A. longissima and A. speltoides were intermediate. The present study therefore revealed the significance of molecular markers in clarifying the genetic diversity on the inter- and intra-specific levels. These markers can also be applied for taxonomic consequences and have an economic importance in the genetic amelioration programs.

This work was conducted to detect the effect of using sarafloxacin (5 mg/kg body weight) in the drinkingwater of broiler chickens to control experimental colisepticaemia in broiler chickens. One hundred and seventy, dayold broiler chicks were used in the study. Twenty chicks at the day of arrival were sacrificed and cultured to ensureabsence of E. coli infection. One hundred and fifty chicks were divided into three equal groups, each consists of 50birds.

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Complex formation equilibria of dimethyltin (IV) with 4-hydroxymethyl imidazole (HMI) and 2,6-dihydroxymethyl pyridine (PDC) have been investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes formed were determined at different temperatures and ionic strength 0.1 M NaNO3. The concentration distribution of the complexes in solution was evaluated as a function of pH. The effect of dioxane as a solvent on both the protonation constants and the formation constants of dimethyltin (IV) complexes with HMI and PDC were discussed. The thermodynamic parameters ?H0 and ?S0 calculated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants were investigated.

Interferon used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients stimulates the expression of a number of host genes encoding enzymes with antiviral activities, including myxovirus resistance gene-1 (Mx1). Mx1 gene was found to have a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -88 in the promotor region that affect the expression of Mx 1 protein and was suggested to be associated with the response of HCV. In this study, we assessed the relation between the SNP in the Mx1 gene and the responsiveness of Egyptian HCV patients to pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment along with other host-related and virus-related predictors of treatment outcome. We genotyped the biallelic G/T SNP in the promoter region of Mx1 gene at position -88 from the transcription start site by restriction fragment length polymorphism found that Mx1 nt-88 SNP is not significantly correlated to achieving sustained virological response (SVR) after pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin combined treatment.

Corrosion behavior of AZ91E alloy was investigated in oxalate solution using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance measurements (EIS). The effect of oxalate concentration was studied, where the corrosion rate increases with increasing oxalate concentration. The effect of added ions (Br-, Cl- or SiO ) on the electrochemical behavior of magnesium alloy in 0.1 M Na2C2O4 solution at 298 K, was investigated. It was found that the corrosion rate of 0.1 M oxalate solution containing silicate ion is lower than the blank (0.1 M Na2C2O4). This was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. However, for the other added ions Br- or Cl-, the corrosion rate is higher than the blank. Keywords: AZ91E; Oxalate; EIS; Polarization; SEM.

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H3PO4 containing chloride or sulphate ions have been studied using different electrochemical techniques. The corrosion and hydrogen evolution of mild steel alloy in 2M H3PO4 acid containing 0.5M NaCl can be effectively inhibited by addition of natural product compound, Thymol (IPMP), of different concentrations. However, in 2M H3PO4 containing 0.5M Na2SO4 corrosion cannot be effectively inhibited. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements confirm the synergistic effects which describe the increase in the effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor in the presence of Cl? ions in the corrosive medium. At any temperature, an increase in it leads to an increase of the corrosion rate and hydrogen evolution on mild steel. Polarization and EIS results are in good agreement with each other. The obtained results were confirmed by surface examination using scanning electron.

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Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) is a hydrophyte which invaded all Egyptian water bodies causing serious problems of navigation and water quality deterioration. Known weight of the sample was successively extracted with hexane (E1), ethyl acetate (E2) and methanol ( E3). Antioxidant activity of extracts was performed by two complementary test system , 2.2'diphenyl-1- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'- azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods which revealed the highest activity of E3 followed in descending order by E2 and E1. Fractionation of the promising methanol extract E3, produced five antioxidantly active fractions (a-e). Identification of the five fractions was performed using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried out in artificial sea water (3.5% NaCl) to study the corrosion inhibition effect of Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) extracts (E1, E2, E3) and E3 fractions (a-e) on extruded AZ31E

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect of marine crustacean extract (MCE) from marine mantis shrimp Erugosquilla massavensis and silymarin on oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rat liver and erythrocytes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups, (1) control group which administered olive oil orally for 2 days, followed by distilled water for 7 consecutive days, (2) MCE group in which rats administered orally MCE, 250 mg/kg body weight for 9 consecutive days and (3) CCl4-treated group in which rats given CCl4 orally (2.5 ml/kg body weight) for 2 days. This group then subdivided into 5 subgroups. All subgroups treated orally for 7 consecutive days with distilled water (subgroup I), silymarin, 150 mg/kg body weight (subgroup II) and MCE at three tested doses 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight (subgroups III, IV and V).
RESULTS:
The MCE and silymarin produced significant hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increasing the serum total protein, glutathione reduced (GSH) levels and the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). The MCE and silymarin also showed the same antioxidant effect on erythrocytes.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the present study, suggested that, the MCE could protect the liver and erythrocytes injuries perhaps, by its antioxidative effect, hence eliminating the deleterious effect of toxic metabolites from CCl4.