Basic Science Sector

Poly 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone, PAAQ, films were prepared by the electropolymerization of 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone, AAQ, on platinum substrates. The polymerization process was carried out in both nonaqueous (Acetonitrile containing 0.1 mole L-1 LiClO4 as supporting electrolyte) or aqueous (6.0 mol L-1 H2SO4) media. The electropolymerization process is fast and economic. The prepared films are stable and have been used as sensors for the electroanalytical determination of p-aminophenol, ascorbic acid, dopamine, hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, cerium chloride and epinephrine. The determination is based on the cyclovoltammogramic method. The cyclic voltammetry was always carried out under the same conditions, where a scan rate of 100 mV s-1 in the specified potential range for each electrolyte at room temperature were used. A range of concentration between 0.01 to 1.0x10-4 mol L-1 analyte was perfectly determined. The determination process is based on the oxidation peak currents of the analyte in the cyclic voltammogram obtained by the PAAQ modified electrode. A calibration curve was drawn for each analyte from which any unknown concentration in the specified range of measurements could be accurately obtained from the value of the peak current.

Polythiophene have been considered as a model for the study of charge transport in conducting polymers and the high environmental stability of both their doped and undoped states, together with their structural versatility, have led to development for several applications such as batteries, fuel cells, corrosion protection or chemical sensing. The electrosynthesis of polythiophene films from thiophene

In this work, the potential of plume imaging was investigated as a real-time monitoring technique for the control of the laser cleaning process in cultural heritage objects with emphasis on encrusted stonework. Optical pulses generated by Nd:YAG laser were used to remove a high absorbing layer of crust from the surface of a lower absorbing marble substrate. Two regimes of operation have been employed for laser cleaning test, Q-switched ns mode, and short free running ?s mode. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was also employed to study the stratigraphy of the cleaned surfaces, and thus to confirm the validity of the suggested monitoring technique.

Engineered landfill liner systems are expensive to install and represent a challenge to several developing countries. Alternatively, native soils, preferentially clays, can be used as cost-effective bottom liners.The purpose of this work is to justify the reliance on the ability of the clays at the Kharga-Dakhla land stretch, Western Desert, Egypt, to act as a containment and barrier for pollutants that might be generated in a landfill leachate.

This study compares between unmodified carbon paste (CPE; the paste has no ion pair) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)membrane selective electrodes that were used in potentiometric determination of ketotifenfumarate (KTF), where sodiumtetraphenylborate (NaTPB) was used as titrant.

Complexes formed by interaction of trans-diamminepalladium(II) chloride (PdII) with1,6-hexanediamine (HDA) and nitrogen bases (B) (imidazole derivatives or methylamine) areinvestigated at 25_C and 0.1 mol L_1 NaNO3 ionic strength using potentiometric measurements.The stability constants of all possible mononuclear and binuclear complexes weredetermined. The concentration distribution diagram of the binuclear PdII-HDA-Im derivativereveals the complexes predominating in the physiological pH range; the reaction ofthe binuclear PdII-HDA-PdII with imidazole derivatives is quite feasible.

In view of the role of nuclear deformations in the fusion between spherical and deformed nuclei to form super-heavy elements, we try to understand how a cancellation of the different nuclear deformations could arise. We first investigated the correlation between the orientation variation of the deformed nucleus radius and the orientation Coulomb barrier distribution in presence of the higher order deformation components, b6 and b8, in addition to the lower order ones. This correlation has been reported in our previous work (Ismail and Seif, 2010) [1] in presence of the lower order (b2, b3 and b4)) deformations. Even if there are higher deformations, we found here that the simple expression which describes the deformed target nucleus can be used to predict with good accuracy the behavior of the fusion Coulomb barrier with both orientation and deformation as well as the optimum (cold or hot) fusion configurations. It can predict the orientations of compact and elongated configurations of the interaction and whether they are equatorial or polar or none of them. The value and sign of the deformation parameters ratios with respect to one of them have been used to classify these configurations. We applied the same correlation to predict successfully the mutual cancellation effects between the different deformation components up to to b8.. Illustrative examples are given in which the cancellation, at some orientations, brings the fusion barrier back to the spherical case or keeps only the effect of quadrupole deformation, or the effects of both b2 and b4.

Aromatic diamine and phthaloyl chloride have been copolymerized using interfacial polymerization technique. Ethylene diamine (EDA) in 20, 30, and 40% and diamino butane (DAB) with the same molar ratio were used in addition to p-phenylene diamine to prepare polyamide with aliphatic components in the chain. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR Viscosity measurements were obtained in concentrated sulphuric acid.Thermogravimetric analysis and DrTGA showed that the thermal stability of the prepared polymers decreases by increasing of the ratio of the aliphatic diamines. The aliphatic content affects the crystallinity of the prepared polymers as was shown by X-ray diffraction measurements. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the aliphatic components cause the copolymers to have a more homogeneous appearance with a different morphology.

In view of the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics in controlling Mycoplasma infections and no vaccine is available against Mycoplasma in Egypt, the need for reliable vaccines has become even more urgent. The present study tried to prepare two bivalent autogenous vaccines (saponised and formalized vaccines) able to protect against M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium. The prepared vaccines were experimentally injected in groups of rabbits and challenged with virulent strain of M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium. Both saponised and formalized vaccines were able to protect rabbit against M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium. Meanwhile saponised vaccine was safe and more potent than formalized vaccine. Experimental work had shown that a vaccine inactivated with saponin can protect in the face of a large Mycoplasma challenge and was highly immunogenic.

Nematode parasite infections of sheep are a major problem throughout the world and are responsible for economic losses in a variety of ways. In the present study an attempt was made to find out the various nematode parasites and their prevalence infesting the sheep of Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. A total of 313 sheep of either sex and of different age groups belonging to different areas of Ladakh were examined for nematode parasites, out of these 136 (43.45%) were found infected. The study reveals the presence of four species of nematodes viz; Trichuris ovis, Haemonchus contortus, Dictyocaulus filaria and Chabertia ovina. It was also observed that among these T. ovis was most dominant followed by H. contortus, D. filaria and C. ovina, respectively. Furthermore season, sex, age and agro-ecology show an association with prevalence.

This study of enteric parasites of ducks was undertaken to determine their prevalence and the relationships between their prevalence and the age and breed of ducks in the Behera governorate, Egypt. A total of 110 ducks of different ages and breeds were examined. The prevalence of helminths was 4.54% from which the prevalence of nematode, cestode, and trematode infections was 2.72%,3.63%, and 1.81%, respectively. The recovered nematodes were Ascaridia galli (0.9%) and Heterakis gallinarum (1.81%). The reported trematodes were Echinoparyphium recurvatum (0.9%) and Echinoparyphium paraulum (1.81 %). The new reported cestodes were Cladogynia phoeniconaiadis (3.63%), Echinolepis carioca (3.63%), and Baerfainia anoplocephaloides (3.63%). The helminths infections were only recorded in Native (5%) and White Peckin (11.11 %) and only in the 8-12-months age group. The prevalence of Entamoeba gallinarum was 0.9% and only recorded in one White Peckin of 8-12-months age group. Cryptosporidium species could not be detected in the examined ducks. This study presented the first record of three new cestodes in ducks from Egypt.

A survey was done for the most common yeast isolates from different clinical sources from human and animals in addition to environment samples from soil in El-Fayoum Governorate. The total of tested samples was 802 clinical and environmental samples. They consisted of fifty human vaginal swabs, seventy one human throat swabs, three hundred fifty seven animal vaginal swabs, one hundred seventy nine animal nasal swabs and one hundred forty five soil samples. The yeast isolates were representatives for only 3 species Candida albicans (110 isolates), Cryptococcous neoformans (20 isolates) and Rhodotorula rubra (66 isolates), on the basis of the conventional mycological identification tests. The results were confirmed by molecular identification for the representative isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcous neoformans recovered from different sources.

Cysts of Sarcocystis capracanis obtained from infected goats were examined to clarify the effect of the parasite on the host. Muscle tissues from fresh oesophagus, tongue, diaphragm and skeletal muscles of 680 goats were slaughtered in the main abattoir of Cairo, Egypt and they were examined microscopically for Sarcocystis infection for the first time in Egypt. 540 out of 680 (79.4%) of examined goats were found to be infected with Sarcocystis sp. The infection was recorded firstly by light microscopy as spindle shaped cysts embedded in the muscle tissues.

Sludge dewatering and treatment may cost as much as the wastewater treatment. Usually large proportion of the pollutants in wastewater is organic. They are attacked by saprophytic microorganisms, i.e., organisms that feed upon dead organic matter. Activity of organisms causes decomposition of organic matter and destroys them, where the bacteria convert the organic matter or other constituents in the wastewater to new cells, water, gases and other products.

Protection from effects of the organophosphate insecticide, malathion on the liver and kidney of maleWistar albino rats by ?-tocopherol and selenium was investigated. Significantly greater (P<0.01) meanconcentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lesser concentrations (P<0.01) of reduced glutathione(GSH) and tissues total proteins were observed in liver and kidney of rats exposed to malathion.Activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathioneperoxidase (GPx) were less in livers and kidneys of rats exposed to malathion. These effects caused byexposure to malathion were reversed when rats were subsequently treated orally with 100 mg/kg b.w.tocopherol and/or 0.1 mg selenium/kg b.w. Both tocopherol and selenium (Se) reduced theconcentration of MDA, and increased concentration of total proteins and reduced glutathione and meanactivities of SOD, CAT and GPx, to levels that were not significantly different from unexposed, controlrats, previous to exposure to malathion.

The present study is aimed to evaluate the protective and curative effects of the 15 KD protein isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress in rats. In the protective study, animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with 15 KD isolated protein at doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg body weight as well as vitamin C (250 mg/kg body weight p.o) for 7 days and then challenged with CCl4 orally (1 ml/kg body weight) in olive oil (50%) for 2 days. In the curative study

Both dietary fibers and polyphenols have been reported to exert antihypercholesterolmia. Potato peel a waste by product of potato processing is found to be a good source of both dietary fiber and polyphenols. Polyphenols may provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular and hypercholesterolemia. The current study examined the attenuating influence of dietary potato peel powder on hypercholesterolemia and various oxidative stress-associated with biochemical parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty two male albino rats weighing 110 + 10 g were divided in to four groups, the first group received the basal diet only and served as (negative control), the second group received the basal diet supplemented with 2% cholesterol +20% animal fat and 0.2% bile salt (hypercholesterolemic diet) and served as positive control), the other groups received hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 10%, 20% potato peel powder (Popp) for six weeks. The obtained results revealed that groups supplemented with 10% and 20% Popp significantly decrease total lipids, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared with positive control compared to positive and negative groups. Kidney functions also significantly decrease in urea and creatinine. Organs weight, body weight gain, HDL-C and blood picture parameters significantly increased compared with positive control. Moreover Popp can use to reduce the weight on hypercholesterolemic state and reducing hypercholesterolemic complications. In addition, PoPP also serves to improve the lipid profile (cholesterol, total lipid, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C) and blood picture and to reduce the blood glucose level in hypercholesterolemic rats and could use in obese people for body loss.

We calculate the proton-nucleus total reaction cross sections at different energies of incident protons within the optical limit approximation of the Glauber theory. The isospin effect has been taken into account. The nucleon distribution is obtained in the framework of macroscopic nuclear models in a way depending on the equation of state of uniform nuclear matter near the saturation density. We find that at an energy of order 40 MeV, the reaction cross section calculated for neutron-rich isotopes significantly increases as the parameter L characterizing the density dependence of the symmetry energy increases, while at energies of order 300 and 800 MeV, it is almost independent of L.

The effect of the number of introduced queen cells (15, 24, 48, 66), cell bar level (upper,middle, lower) and queen cell position within a grafted frame (middle, peripheral) on thepercentages of sealed queen cell and queen emergence, the development time, and theweight of newly emerged queens, were observed during the spring and summer seasons.The results indicated the percentage of sealed queen cells was affected by the number of introducedqueen cells, but not by the level bar or position in the rearing frame, during the two seasons. Thepercentage of queen emergence in spring was significantly affected by the three factors, but inthe summer - only by the number of queen cells. Also, both development time and weight ofemerged queens were affected by the three factors. Queen quality, based on queen weight, wasalso investigated. In spring, only heavy queens (190-200 mg) appeared when 15 queen cells wereintroduced, but heavy queens appeared in low percentages when 24 or 48 cells were introduced, andheavy queens completely disappeared with the introduction of 66 queen cells. Queens emerged fromcells on the middle rearing bars and the middle positions of each bar had a high frequency of heavyweight in comparison with those reared on the upper or lower bars and located at the peripheral ofthe bars.

IF: 0.561

Energy levels, spontaneous radiative decay rates and electron impact collisionstrengths are calculated for Cu I with the Relativistic Dirac-Fock (RDF).method.