Basic Science Sector

Thysaniezia giardi (2.7%), T. giardi was recorded in Egypt for the first time. M. expansa was found throughout the year with two peaks in January (92.3%) and June (88.5%). SEM examination revealed that M. expansa scolex has four triangular suckers guarded by an X-shaped fibrous band that makes them open permanently. Also, there is a Y-shaped apical part at the scolex center which may be an embryonically non-developed rostellum. The whole worm body surface is covered with unidirectional microtriches. TEM showed that the tegument is underlaid by a thick fibrous interstitial layer below which an outer circular and an inner longitudinal muscular layer are arranged. Beneath these structures the subtegumental cells are found which have spherical electron-dense inclusions and various other cell organelles. Moreover, M. expansa has interproglottidal glands which contain secretory vesicles and secretions. For biological control of this parasite, different concentrations of crude plant extract of Artemisia cina were used in vitro and in vivo.

This work is devoted to synthesize different semiconductor nanoparticles and their metal core-shell nanocomposites such as TiO2, Au/TiO2, ZnO, and Au/ZnO. The morphology and crystal structures of the developed nanomaterials were characterized by TEM and XRD. These materials were used as catalysts for the photodegradation of Malathion that is one of the most commonly used pesticides in the developing countries. The degradation of 10 ppm Malathion under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light in the presence of different synthesized nanocomposites was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-Visible Spectra. A comprehensive study was carried out for the catalytic efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles. Moreover, the effects of different factors that could influence the catalytic photodegradation such as different light source, surface coverage and nature of the organic contaminants were investigated. The results indicate that the core-shell nanocomposite of the semiconductor-gold serves as a better catalytic system compared with semiconductor nanoparticles themselves.

Benzofuroxan derivative 1a reacts with the cyanoacetanilide 2a-d to give the benzimidazole derivatives 3a-d. Benzofuroxan

A key to the chelonine species (Braconidae) (both recorded and recently collected) from Egypt is given. It includes 16 species, of which five species are new to the Egyptian fauna and two (Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) elbaiensis sp. n. and Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) ponti sp. n.) are new for science. A faunistic list and the description for the two new species are added.

This work examines the beneficial effects for human health of bentonite, describing their use in pharmaceutical formulations. The bentonite samples must comply with some general features of pharmacopeia, including high mineral and chemical purities and absence of microbial pathogens, before considering their use in pharmacy. Specific characteristics such as sediment volume, swelling power and gel formation are also important for particular applications such as their use as suspending agents. Mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological analyses and pharmacopeia tests were carried out for a purified (raw and activated) Egyptian bentonite sample from North Western Desert (NWD), a Wyoming bentonite standard and a mineral currently used as a pharmaceutical product. The X-ray diffraction data revealed that the Egyptian sample has montmorillonite as a main mineral phase.

This study is concerned with the electocatalytic evolution of oxygen gas at novel gold nanoparticles (nano-Au) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes in 0.5 M KOH. The electrochemical measurements show a superior enhancement of the nano-Au/GC towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to bulk GC and Au electrodes. That is, the onset potential of the OER is shifted by ca. 600 mV in the negative direction compared with bulk Au and unmodified GC electrodes. The enrichment in the Au (110) facet orientation (of the electrodeposited nano-Au) [1] at the expense of other low facets orientations induces a favorable geometric arrangements of the Au surface atoms which is believed to facilitate the OH- adsorption and, hence, the charge transfer process during the water electrolysis into molecular oxygen. Thus, the OER is accelerated and realized at less positive potential.

A new synthetic fabric composed of a mixture of two biomaterials, polyamide 6.6 and polyester, was manufactured with specific tensile characters to serve in the reconstruction of the patellar ligament rupture in dogs. Twelve skeletally mature mongrel dogs with no evidence of clinical signs of lameness were used in the present study. Patellar ligament rupture was induced by severing the mid portion of the right ligament of each limb. Surgical intervention was performed by primary suturing of the severed patellar ligament ends and applying a synthetic fabric to act as a supportive internal splint. Satisfactory results were obtained concerning the tendon healing and the return to limb normal function without complications. It was found that the polyamide polyester fabric proved to be a suitable reconstructive biocompatible material that allowed primary ligament repair with adequate support by and giver an excellent outcome in cases of patellar ligament ruptures in dogs.

The present study was performed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the prevalence of Pseudomonas. aeruginosa in 340 samples of different sources (human, chicken, animals and environment), as well as detection of haemolysin production and determing its susceptibility to different antimicrobials.

The present study was performed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the prevalence of Pseudomonas. aeruginosa in 340 samples of different sources (human, chicken, animals and environment), as well as detection of haemolysin production and determing its susceptibility to different antimicrobials.

Synthesis of 4-phenylamino-5-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol (1) and 3-methylthio-4-phenylamino-5-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazole (2) is described. Reactions of hydrazonoyl halides (3) with either 1 or 2 afforded 1,2,4-triazol[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine. The latter products were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial properties. The structure of the products was established based on elemental and spectral analyses. Further evidence for the assigned structure of the products is based on alternative synthesis. The mechanism of the studied reactions was also discussed.

The utility of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (1a,b), and 1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (2) in the synthesis of some new functionalized pyrimidine derivatives such as 6-(2-(dimethylamino)vinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine,6-(1-cyano -2-(phenylamino)-2-thioxoethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine and 4,6-distyryl-1,2-dihydropyrimidine derivatives is reported. Antimicrobial evaluation of some selected examples from the synthesized products was carried out and showed promising results.

Thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 7, 8, 9 were obtained via the S-alkylation of 3 with a variety of alkylating agents followed by cyclization in basic medium. On the other hand, compound 3 reacted with methyl iodide to give compound 10 which is converted to pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivative 13 by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. Pyrido[3`,2`:4,5]-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines derivatives 14, 16 were obtained by reaction of 7 with each of formic acid and formic/formamide, respectively. Alternatively, compound 14 was obtained by the reaction of 8 with formamide. Structures of the newly synthesized products were determined by elemental analysis and spectral data.

The synthesis of antimicrobial activity spirocompounds was achieved via the reaction of hydrazonoyl halides 1 with exocyclic 4-arylidene-2-methylimidazolin-5-one 3 in benzene in the presence of triethylamine. Correct elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS) confirm the structure of the synthesized spirocompounds. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against five gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria using well diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar. Most of them exhibited significant antibacterial activity compared with selected standard drugs.

The stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes formed between [Pd (AMBI)(H2O)2]2+, (AMBI = 2-(aminomethyl)-benzimidazole) with some selected bio-relevant ligands containing different functional groups, were investigated at 25 0C and 0.1 M ionic strength. The ligands used are imidazole, cysteine, glutathione (GSH), threonine, aspartic acid, 1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylic acid (CBDCA) and lysine. The stoichiometry and stability constants of the formed complexes are also reported, and the concentration distribution of the various complex species was evaluated as a function of pH. The results show ring opening of CBDCA and monodentate