Data fusion in the virtual data integration environment starts after detecting and clustering duplicated records from the different integrated data sources. It refers to the process of selecting from attribute values in the clustered records, an attribute value to form a single record representing the real world object.

Many trials were done to solve the inconsistencies at the data level, but all of them didn't perform the data fusion process in full automation without any predefined metadata or any user intervention.

In this thesis, a new branch is opened to do data fusion in a fully-automated process and two data fusion techniques are proposed. The proposed Data Dependency (DD) technique solves conflicts using some final statistical scores for each requested attribute based on two scores. A local score reflecting the level of correlation between this attribute and a unified detector over all of the data sources, and another score reflecting how common an attribute value is within its clustered records. On the other hand, the Information Gain (IG) technique resolves data conflicts based on two factors: one measuring the amount of information gain for each attribute to be partitioned based on the unified detector, and the other one is the same as the one used with Data Dependency that measure the level of popularity of a given data value within its cluster.

A simulation is done to evaluate both techniques, which could be summarized that DD performs better when the dependency between data is high, while IG gives better results for low data dependency. Other conclusions are extracted about the behavior of both techniques reacting to different sets of simulation input parameters. As a conclusion, more techniques should be developed to solve the problems where both of our proposed techniques failed to give acceptable matching results.

The study contains an introduction and a preface, six chapters and a conclusion.
The introduction provides reasons for selecting the topic and objectives of the
study, Approaches, methods, previous studies, sources of study, field study and the
difficulties faced the study. The preface includes a geographical glance on the state
of Khartoum and then follows the stages of the development of manufacturing
industries. The first chapter deals with the geographical distribution of
manufacturing industries and geographical factors affecting the manufacturing
industries in the state. Second Chapter discusses the industrial localization in the
state, factors of localization in every industry and industrial evaluation of
localization in the state in respect of the model of Hamilton. Third Chapter deals
with the size structure of the manufacturing industries. The fourth chapter analyzes
the problems of manufacturing industries. The fifth chapter deals with the future of
industrial development, Sixth Chapter examines the map of land use in Khartoum
Bahri industrial area as a case study The study concludes that the manufacturing
industries in the state of Khartoum passes through three stages: the first stage is
the stage of the traditional industries that prevailed during the period 1821 - 1956
during the Turkish rule , the rule of Mahdia and bilateral rule.. The second stage is
the manufacturing industries oriented to replace imports. This stage extends 1956 -
1992. The third stage is the stage of export-oriented industrialization which started
since 1992. The study concluded that the manufacturing industries in the state of
Khartoum are concentrated geographically in the localities of Khartoum,
Khartoum North, East of the Nile and Omdurman, respectively. A set of
geographical factors were impacted on the geographical distribution of
manufacturing industries; the most influential factors were water, land, power
sources, education services and population density. The study also realized that the
manufacturing industries in the state of Khartoum is localized in El mokhtar
administrative unit in the locality of Khartoum North and Omdurman North,
Omdurman South and El thwera elsnaate administrative Units in the locality of
Best Theses Awards, Cairo University (BTACU)
Information System Unit - 64 -
Omdurman. It also localized in administrative Units of Khartoum, Khartoum West
and Khartoum East in the locality of Khartoum. The study also found that the
manufacturing industries in the state were dominated by the pattern of small and
medium industries. The study has completed to show a range of problems
affecting the manufacturing industries in the state; the most influential problems
were funding problems, different taxes and fees, poor administrative capacity and
competitiveness. The study deal with the effects of these problems, most notably
many industrial plants are out of work. The study of the problems resulting from
the manufacturing industries in the state show that the potential impact of
manufacturing on the Nile water pollution , contributing to climate change and
expectations of an increased incidence of malaria. In The future of industrial
development in the state, there will be several changes in manufacturing
industries. Qualitatively, Spatially, Functionally, as well as the trend towards
integrated industries. The study concluded that the levels of industrial use in the
industrial area of bahri are four types: The first type, blocks are the level of using
less than 50% of the total area of the block such as blocks (1&7).The second type,
blocks ranging rate of land use between 50-60%, such as blocks (2&6) . The third
type, blocks ranging rate of land use between 60-70%, such as blocks (3& 5&2
Kafoury. The fourth type, blocks represent using areas more than 70%, such as
blocks (4&8).

The study tackles the Masnavi Sihr ul-Bayan which was written by the Indian poet Mir Hasan Dehlvi in 1199 AH / 1784 AD during the reign of Mughal King, Shah Alam, and the era of Asaf-ud-Daula, ruler of Awadh. The Masnavi is written in about 2200 verse lines and is available in handwritten and printed versions. It is acknowledged as a model of narrative poems that influenced Urdu poets, and it includes one of the famous stories in the Urdu literature. The study includes an Introduction, a Preface, five chapters, a Conclusion in addition to an Appendix with the translation.