Iron is essential for a wide range of cellular processes. Here we show that the bZIP-type regulator HapX is indispensable for the transcriptional remodeling required for adaption to iron starvation in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. HapX represses iron-dependent and mitochondrial-localized activities including respiration, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, iron-sulfur-cluster and heme biosynthesis. In agreement with the impact on mitochondrial metabolism, HapX-deficiency decreases resistance to tetracycline and increases mitochondrial DNA content. Pathways positively affected by HapX include production of the ribotoxin AspF1 and siderophores, which are known virulence determinants. Iron starvation causes a massive remodeling of the amino acid pool and HapX is essential for the coordination of the production of siderophores and their precursor ornithine. Consistent with HapX-function being limited to iron depleted conditions and A. fumigatus facing iron starvation in the host, HapX-deficiency causes significant attenuation of virulence in a murine model of aspergillosis. Taken together, this study demonstrates that HapX-dependent adaption to conditions of iron starvation is crucial for virulence of A. fumigatus.

Background: Sexual harassment is a violation of women's human rights and a prohibited form of violence against women in many countries. Sexually harassing conduct causes devastating physical and psychological injuries to a large percentage of women in workplaces around the world. Harassment directed against women in the workplace by their supervisors, fellow employees, or third parties interferes with the integration of women in the workforce, reinforces the subordination of women to men in society, violates women's dignity and creates a health and safety hazard at work.
Objectives: exploring harassment against females in Egypt and its types, also reporting its rate and attitude of both females and society to harassment. We tried also through this study to know the most common age at which harassment occur, in which place and most common perpetrator.
Methodology: In this study we collect data from two groups: the first group were about 500 female who came to kasr alainy hospital seeking medical advice and the second group were about 400 medical students at faculty of medicine Cairo university. A structured questionnaire was prepared by the researchers then the candidates were asked to answer this questionnaire after giving oral consent. The questionnaire included ten questions about type, frequency, site, perpetrator and attitude of both victim and society.
Results: we found exposure to harassment in both groups was more in student group than the other group, but multiple exposures were very high in both groups. Oral harassment was more prominent than physical in both groups. In student group harassment frequently occurs in the school bout in the other group it occurs elsewhere. In both groups usually, the perpetrator is an unknown person and the reaction of the victim usually negative.
Conclusion: the study shows the incidence of female exposure to harassment in Egypt is very high, so we recommend to try to do more studies on this bad phenomenon and its bad effects.
Keywords: (Domestic violence, suicide, domestic violence-related suicide)

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Modern speech recognition applications are heading towards embedded systems and hand-held devices. Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR) system architecture emerged to address this kind of applications. Most of the existing implementations of this system are presented in software fashion, with little consideration to the end product platform in which the system will be deployed. In this paper, an optimized hardware implementation of the front end part of the DSR specified in the basic ETSI Aurora standard ETSI ES 201 108 is presented in FPGA platform prototype, with consideration of migration to structured ASIC in case of mass-production. Main design issues and tips are highlighted. Results are presented in terms of hardware resources utilization, comparison of some basic system components to third party reference designs and compliance to the Aurora standard.