PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and diagnosed to have weak detrusor contractility by urodynamic study.

METHODS: A prospective study of 32 male patients had BPH candidate for TURP diagnosed to have impaired detrusor contractility by preoperative urodynamic study. We studied the postoperative outcome after TURP regarding international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Q), post-voiding residual urine (PVR), the patients need for catheter, and urodynamic pressure flow study (PFS) parameters (maximum detrusor contractility, bladder contractility index (BCI), maximum bladder capacity and compliance) after 6 month follow-up.

RESULTS: Twenty-one cases presented with urethral catheter because of chronic or refractory retention. Twenty patients voided preoperatively during PFS with mean detrusor pressure (Pdet) at Q 23.97 ± 25.54 cmH2O and the mean BCI was 51.04 ± 23.86, while twelve patients did not void with mean maximum Pdet 21.75 ± 7.34. After 6 month follow-up, there was significant improvement in IPSS, Q, and detrusor contractility (Pdet at Q and BCI) postoperatively in all patients, and there was no significant postoperative improvement of post-voiding residual urine (p value 0.92). Finally, 11 patients voided normally without RU, 7 patients needed timed triple voiding with crede maneuver and small RU, and 14 patients needed CIC.

CONCLUSIONS: There were significant improvements in IPSS, detrusor contractility, and urine flow after TURP in patients with BPH and weak bladder contractility, although the risk of postoperative urine retention in approximately 43% of cases and needed CIC.

Petroleum oil pesticides are used as acaricides, insecticides, and herbicides. Oils can cause phytotoxicity if oils contain unsaturated hydrocarbons. Traditional chemical methods to determine unsulfonated residue (UR), such as the ASTM D483 and MT (57), depending on sulfuric acid 98% reagent. The present study introduces a new optical spectroscopic method using FTIR to determine unsaturated Petroleum oil pesticides. The integral intensities of the bands at about 1640 to 1643 cm−1 correspond to ν(C=C). In alkynes, (C≡C 2140-2100 cm-1). Three technical petroleum oil samples are collected from three different companies in Egypt. (El-Mostakble for Chemicals Co.(S1), Kafr El-Zayate for Pesticides and Chemicals (KZ)(S2), and Misr Petroleum Refining Co(S3). FTIR results showed peaks demonstrated more absorbance while transmittance decreased in all samples at 1643 to 1640 cm-1 and 2121 cm-1 when adding 1-octene 99% and 1-Heptyne 99% to the oil of all samples. Therefore, FTIR can detect and determine unsaturated technical petroleum oils. Moreover, the method of FTIR has advantages in preventing exposure to the toxicity of acids and can differentiate between carbon double bond and triple bond

BACKGROUND: The clinical effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be correlated with the degree of dysplasia of cancer tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cisplatin, silver nanoparticles (AgNps), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer on Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma - cell line (HNSCC), Hep-2, through genes expression.

METHODS: Hep-2 cells were divided into four groups: group I as control and without any treatment, group II and III were treated by cisplatin and AgNps, respectively, and group IV were incubated with MB for four minutes followed by PDT using laser irradiation at 650 nm for 8 minutes. The resulting toxicity was assessed in cell lines using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Further, apoptosis and the response to treatment was examined via RT-qPCR.

RESULTS: MB-PDT inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. Following PDT, compared with AgNps cells and via MTT assay, a highly significant decrease was observed in cell proliferation in Cancer cells treated with AgNps and MB- PDT groups compared to cancer group cells and cancer cells treated with Cisplatin (p value< 0.001). Mechanistically, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of , , , , , , and were found to be down regulated in Hep-2 cell line after MB-PDT.

DISCUSSION: MB-PDT effectively killed Hep-2 cells in vitro, however, under the same conditions, the susceptibilities of the cell line to cisplatin, AgNps, and MB-PDT were different. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether this difference is present in clinical oral cancer lesions.

A series of newly synthesized 4-aryl-hydrazonopyrazolones were designed and their structures were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro COXs, 5-LOX inhibition, in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 5d, 5f and 5i were found to be the most potent COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors with superior COX-2 selectivity index values (SI = 5.29-5.69) to reference standard celecoxib (SI = 3.52). Four compounds; 5b, 5c, 5d and 5f showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity (% edema inhibition = 72.72-54.54%) and perfect ED values (ED = 0.044-0.104 mmol/kg) relative to celecoxib (ED = 0.032 mmol/kg). To explore the most active compounds, ulcerogenic effect on stomach in comparison with indomethacin and celecoxib in addition to histopathological investigations were performed. Compound 5f showed better gastric profile (UI = 2.33) than celecoxib (UI = 3.00). Also, 5f caused 50% increase in thermal pain threshold close to reference drug indomethacin (53.13%). Docking study of all the target compounds into COX-2 and 5-LOX active sites was performed to rational their anti-inflammatory activities.

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