Abdominal trauma is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in all age groups in the world. However, identifying serious intra-abdominal pathology due to trauma can be a challenge. The current work is a cross sectional descriptive study of cases admitted to Kasr Al-Ainy hospital during the period from 1st of January to 31st of December 2014 with traumatic abdominal injuries. Data were analyzed regarding demographic criteria, cause, manner, site and type of wound, accompanying injuries, radiological investigations, treatment, period of hospital stay and outcome.

The total number of the studied cases was 227. The most frequent age group being those between 18-40 years (72.2%) with male predominance (92.1%) and 93.4% of the cases were from Greater Cairo. The homicidal cases comprised the highest frequency among the studied groups (50.7%). Stab wound was the commonest type (58.1%) followed by firearm injuries (25.1%) and contused wound (14.1%). Regarding the cause, 81.9% of cases were due to violent assault and 72, 7% of the cases undergone surgery. Most of the cases were recovered (80.6%) and the mortality rate was 7%. Nowadays, cases of abdominal trauma are increasing at an alarming rate in all world communities. Proper management is the key for better outcome and prognosis.

Abdominal trauma is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in all age groups in the world. However, identifying serious intra-abdominal pathology due to trauma can be a challenge. The current work is a cross sectional descriptive study of cases admitted to Kasr Al-Ainy hospital during the period from 1st of January to 31st of December 2014 with traumatic abdominal injuries. Data were analyzed regarding demographic criteria, cause, manner, site and type of wound, accompanying injuries, radiological investigations, treatment, period of hospital stay and outcome.

The total number of the studied cases was 227. The most frequent age group being those between 18-40 years (72.2%) with male predominance (92.1%) and 93.4% of the cases were from Greater Cairo. The homicidal cases comprised the highest frequency among the studied groups (50.7%). Stab wound was the commonest type (58.1%) followed by firearm injuries (25.1%) and contused wound (14.1%). Regarding the cause, 81.9% of cases were due to violent assault and 72, 7% of the cases undergone surgery. Most of the cases were recovered (80.6%) and the mortality rate was 7%. Nowadays, cases of abdominal trauma are increasing at an alarming rate in all world communities. Proper management is the key for better outcome and prognosis.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Firearm injuries is a public health problem in developing countries as firearm deaths and injuries have severe and far-reaching effects on communities.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study is to statistically assess the frequency, types, circumstances, clinical presentation, management techniques, hospital stay, outcomes and the development of infirmity of firearm cases admitted to Kasr Alainy hospital through the year 2014.

SUBJECTS & METHODS: The data presented in this study were collected from medical records of patients with firearm injuries who were admitted to Kasr-Alainy hospital during one year period from January 2014 to December 2014.

RESULTS: Total number of cases were 352, males were (92.9%) of cases, the most frequent age group was the adulthood group, most of cases came from Giza, the homicidal manner comprised (52%), majority of the incidences occurred in summer after midnight, most involved body region was lower limb and the most common type of injury was organ injury, (60.8%) of cases received surgical intervention and (56.8%) were recovered.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There is a need to decrease the number of firearms used and sold in Egypt. There is a need for educational efforts, and community and societal curriculum to reduce the number of firearm-related injuries.

Keywords: Firearm, injury, inlet wound, exit wound.

Through the last few decades, the motivation of machine tool development has been driven by the need for higher performance. This implies the improvement of the machine tool subsystems in order to attain the utmost accuracy and productivity. As one of the main machine tool subsystems, the feed drive system design and development has a profound effect on the overall performance of machine tools. A conventional feed drive system is composed of a servomotor, a gear set, a ball screw and a sliding mass. High performance of the machine tool means the capability of the machine tool slide to execute high accelerations and decelerations required for contouring operations. It has been verified that the variation of the ball-screw pitch and the gear reduction ratio has a profound effect on the machine tool slide acceleration. In addition there are some designs of hydraulic servomotors and other feed drive configurations that could be promising for machine tool applications.

Background: The genus Entamoeba contains many species. E.histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis while others are non pathogenic. The main morphological characteristics of the trophozoite and cyst stages are important for precise microscopic diagnosis and differentiation of amoebae.
Objectives: The present study was designed to determine the proportion of infection with the different intestinal amoebae and to describe the main morphological characteristics for precise microscopic diagnosis.
Materials & methods: This study was conducted on 200 faecal specimens collected from patients attending outpatients clinics of Cairo University Hospital. Out of these samples, 100 were from patients suffering from different gastrointestinal manifestations and 100 from patients free from GIT manifestations. All samples were examined for intestinal amoebae microscopically using eosin, iodine, Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) and trichrome stains and confirmed using micrometry.
Results: In the present study, microscopic examination using eosin, iodine, LPCB and trichrome stains demonstrated that proportion of infection with different intestinal amoebae was 3.5%. Using trichrome stain, cytoplasm of the trophozoite was red and sometimes with a tinge of purple while nuclei and karyosome were dark red. Cyst wall was purple and cytoplasm was dark red with less contrast with the nuclei.
Conclusion: Precise microscopic examination helps to determine the true prevalence of different types of intestinal amoebae. PVA is suitable for long term storage. LPCB is a good and easy screening method. WT staining procedure was processed in about 6 steps that took approximately 30 min.
Key words: intestinal amoebae, microscopy, wet mount, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, PVA, LPCB, WT.