This work was conducted on 4 species of fresh water fish (tilapia nilotica, common carp, catfish, and Nile perch) to construct anatomical learning module, focusing on the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems of fish. The learning module composed of different learning materials included related books and computer assisted resources as CDs which were prepared in power point presentations for anatomy of the fish, museum jar specimens, dry specimens (mummified fishes) and skeleton as a model, handouts and frequent quizzes for self assessment by the students.

AIMS: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) accounts for over a million premature deaths annually; however, there is little contemporary information on presentation, complications, and treatment.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective registry enrolled 3343 patients (median age 28 years, 66.2% female) presenting with RHD at 25 hospitals in 12 African countries, India, and Yemen between January 2010 and November 2012. The majority (63.9%) had moderate-to-severe multivalvular disease complicated by congestive heart failure (33.4%), pulmonary hypertension (28.8%), atrial fibrillation (AF) (21.8%), stroke (7.1%), infective endocarditis (4%), and major bleeding (2.7%). One-quarter of adults and 5.3% of children had decreased left ventricular (LV) systolic function; 23% of adults and 14.1% of children had dilated LVs. Fifty-five percent (n = 1761) of patients were on secondary antibiotic prophylaxis. Oral anti-coagulants were prescribed in 69.5% (n = 946) of patients with mechanical valves (n = 501), AF (n = 397), and high-risk mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm (n = 48). However, only 28.3% (n = 269) had a therapeutic international normalized ratio. Among 1825 women of childbearing age (12-51 years), only 3.6% (n = 65) were on contraception. The utilization of valvuloplasty and valve surgery was higher in upper-middle compared with lower-income countries.

CONCLUSION: Rheumatic heart disease patients were young, predominantly female, and had high prevalence of major cardiovascular complications. There is suboptimal utilization of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis, oral anti-coagulation, and contraception, and variations in the use of percutaneous and surgical interventions by country income level.

Leakage current is one of the main challenges facing high-density MOS-gated memristor arrays. In this study, we show that leakage current ruins the memory readout process for high-density arrays, and analyze the tradeoff between the array density and its power consumption. We propose a novel readout technique and its underlying circuitry, which is able to compensate for the transistor leakage-current effect in the high-density gated memristor array.

Aqueous cleaning of ancient paper samples is a common treatment for the removal of degradation products,
external contaminants and salts, which can cause degradation of cellulose by hydrolysis or oxidation
processes. The present study examined the influence of selected cleaning treatments on chemical properties
of some historical paper samples and studying the efficieny of cleaning methods in removing of degradation
products .It also investgated The effects of five different cleaning treatments, namely immersion in deionized
water, akapad paper sponge, hydro gellan gum, Cellulose nano Crystal gel and cleaning with wolbers solvent
gels on ancient cellulosic paper supports. In particular, the effect of the cleaning treatments on different
properties of cellulosic paper supports, namely colorimetric properties (CIE L*a*b* coordinates), crystallinity
index (X-Ray diffraction) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and pH (cold-extraction method), were investigated. The study concluded that all cleaning treatments
affected the colorimetric properties of the selected paper samples.