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BACKGROUND: the frequency of normal and aberrant hepatic arteries differs among ethnicities. The aim of our work was to study the frequency of normal and aberrant hepatic arteries among Egyptian using multidetector CT (MDCT) and to compare our prevalence with the prevalence of other nationalities. In addition, the gender differences of such variations were clarified. In addition, the arterial feeding of hepatic segment IV was determined.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was carried out on 500 patients (409 males and 91 females). Abdominal CT was performed using two MDCT systems, a 64-row, and a 256-slice system.

RESULTS: According to Michel's classification, the normal anatomy (type I) was observed in 369 cases (73.8%), while anomalous hepatic arterial pattern was detected in 131 cases (26.2%).These anomalies were distributed as the following; type II in 36 cases (7.2%) , type III in 60 cases (12%), types IV and V in 5 cases for each (1% each) , type VI in 14 (2.8%) and types VIII & IX in a single case for each (0.2% each). Neither type VII nor type X was detected. Nine unclassified cases (1.8 %) were observed. According to Hiaat's classification, the anomalies were distributed as the following; type II in 41 cases (8.2%), type III in 74 cases (14.8 %), type IV in 6 (1.2 %), type V in a single case (0.2%) and type VI in 2 cases (0.4%). Finally, seven unclassified cases (1.4 %) were observed. Common hepatic artery (CHA) originated from celiac trunk in 98% (79.8% males and 18.2% females). It originated from the abdominal aorta in 0.4% and from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 0.4%. It was absent in 1.2%. Right hepatic artery (RHA) originated from the CHA in 86.6% (69.8% males and 16.8 % females) and from the SMA in 13.2% (11.8% males and 1.4% females) and from the abdominal aorta in 0.2% (a single male case). Left hepatic artery (LHA) originated from the CHA in 91.2% and from the left gastric artery (LGA) in 8.8%. The most common origin of the segment IV blood supply was the LHA in 60.8%, followed by the RHA in 35%. Less commonly, blood supply derived from the hepatic artery proper (HAP) in 1%. Combined supply derived from RHA and LHA in 0.8%, from the LHA and HAP in 2% and the least encountered was from the RHA and HAP in 0.4%.

CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic artery variations among Egyptians have a different distribution when compared to such variations among other species. The normal hepatic arterial pattern was observed in 73.8%, while the anomalous was detected in 26.2%. The CHA originated from the celiac trunk in 98%, the RHA originated from the CHA in 86.6% and the LHA originated from the CHA in 91.2%. The most common arterial supply of the hepatic segment IV is derived from the LHA (60.2%).

Focal epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy in adults. Advances in brain imaging allowed better identification of different structural lesions underlying focal epilepsy. However, the response to antiepileptic drugs in lesional epilepsy is heterogeneous and difficult to anticipate. This study aimed to evaluate the response to antiepileptic drugs (AED) in patients with lesional epilepsy and to identify the predictors for poor seizure control.

This thesis presents an automatic soccer video summarization system using machine learning (ML) techniques. The proposed system is composed of ve phases. Namely; in the pre-processing phase, the system segments the whole video stream into small video shots. Then, in the shot processing
phase, it applies two types of classication (shot type classication and play / break classification) to the video shots resulted from the pre-processing phase. Afterwards, in the replay detection phase, the proposed system applies two machine learning algorithms, namely; support vector machine (SVM) and articial neural network (ANN), for emphasizing important segments with championship logo appearance. Also, in the excitement event detection phase, the proposed system uses both machine learning algorithms for detecting the scoreboard which contain an information about the score of the game. The proposed system also uses k-means algorithm and Hough line transform for detecting vertical goal posts and Gabor lter for detecting goal net. Finally, in the event detection and summarization phase, the proposed system highlights the most important events during the match. Experiments on real soccer videos demonstrate encouraging results. The event detection and summarization has attained recall 94% and precision 97.3% for soccer match videos from ve international soccer championships.

BACKGROUND: The gene-environment interaction in the pathogenesis of hypertension has not been extensively studied in occupational noise.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between noise and hypertension in Egyptian workers, the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms as modifiers, and the possible relationship between noise hearing impairment and hypertension.

METHODS: Study subjects were divided into two groups depending on noise exposure level. The control group (n = 161) was exposed to noise intensity <85 dB and the exposed group (n = 217) was exposed to noise intensity ≧85 dB. A polymerase chain reaction was used to differentiate the various genotypes of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and ACE G2350A.

RESULTS: Noise significantly increased the likelihood of hypertension. Carriers of the genotypes AG, GG, and DD were vulnerable to hypertension on noise exposure. No association between hypertension and hearing impairment or noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) was found.

CONCLUSION: Our results support the association between ACE gene polymorphisms and occurrence of hypertension in noise-exposed workers.