The main issue of this study is to etude and analyze the Arab paleography in Mamluk and Ottoman Documents, and design an Arab Calligraphic data base.

The study is divided into introduction and three chapters . The introduction presents the history of the Arab paleography, the first chapter deals with the Arab Calligraphy in Mamluk documents, chapter two reviews the Arab Calligraphy in Ottoman documents, and chapter three focuses on the data base making and designing.

Then the conclusion comes to explain the findings of the study, and present some recommendations about preparing a dictionary of the Arab Calligraphy, and updating the data base .

With the increasing availability of blogs, Internet forums and social networks,
electronic press sites, people have the chance to express their opinions and
sentiments and make them available to everyone. These opinions provide valuable
information for decision-making processes. Therefore, the computational
treatment of sentiments and opinions bearing text has been viewed as a promising,
while challenging, area of research that can serve different purposes. To fulfill
this, we need to identify first named entities, references to pronouns and other
anaphors, and finally decide which of them is the holder of the expressed opinion.

The research concerns with art values of pairing between surfaces transparent and reflective of light as an empirical approach for the innovation of contemporary artwork, through dealing with some materials of transparent and reflective property, through which the relationship between the artworks as a field, and transparency and reflection as a property, confirmed through materials the artist deal with to achieve their ideas in different forms.

Sinai Peninsula is one of the most promising areas for future development. The major factor that limit the agriculture development in Sinai is the water scarcity and the sustainability of the projects. The study is aiming to assess the local water resources options in Sinai and determining its sustainability for agricultural projects. The surface water resources were evaluated by proposing flood water harvesting systems. The benefits from each system is estimated and unit cost of water is calculated. On the other hand, groundwater data are collected. The data is analyzed to estimate the unit cost of extraction and the agricultural benefits are estimated. As a result of this study, a map with the promising areas for the agricultural development from water resources prospective is developed.