Obesity increases the risk of chronic kidney disease in children. Our aim was to assess urinary podocalyxin (PCX) in children and adolescents with obesity as a potential marker of obesity-related kidney disease (ORKD). The current case-control study included 128 children with obesity compared to 60 non-obese age and sex matched controls. Study population were subjected to full history taking as well as thorough physical examination. Urine samples for albumin creatinine ratio (uACR) and PCX were collected from the study population as well as blood samples for assessment of serum creatinine and fasting lipid profile. A statistically significant difference was found between cases and controls regarding urinary PCX (P < .001) and uACR (P = .021). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between uACR and weight SD score (SDS), body mass index SDS, waist circumference, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglycerides (TG) as well as urinary PCX, whilst urinary PCX correlated significantly with obesity duration and uACR. Cases with microalbuminuria had a statistically significant higher waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat percentage, TG and urinary PCX compared to those with normal uACR (P = .042, .034, .05, .018 and .036 respectively). Urinary PCX showed 83.3% sensitivity and 74% specificity in detection of albuminuria. Urinary PCX was increased significantly in children with obesity making it a potential sensitive marker of ORKD in children.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical gain at the deficient anterior maxillary alveolar ridges using buccal versus palatal approaches for maxillary segmental sandwich osteotomy (inlay technique). This is a single-institutional randomized comparative clinical trial.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population was 16 patients with edentulous anterior maxillary alveolar ridges (40 implant sites). Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Both groups received sandwich osteotomy with down fracture of the deficient anterior maxillary alveolar ridge, using buccal approach (control group) and palatal approach (study group) with interpositional alloplastic bone blocks fixed with miniplates. Assessment included the mean percentage of vertical gain at the proposed implant sites after 4 months, taken from cross-sectional cuts of a cone beam computed tomography.

RESULTS: All cases showed uneventful wound healing and a total of 40 delayed implant placement were done. Results showed that there was no statistical significance between the 2 groups in terms of bone height (P = .43) and labial prominence (P = .5) CONCLUSION: Both techniques were successful where the mean percentage of 4 months postoperative vertical bone gain of the control group was 79.9% and that of the study group was 76.5%.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical gain at the deficient anterior maxillary alveolar ridges using onlay bone grafts with titanium mesh versus inlay bone grafting. This was a single institutional randomized comparative clinical trial. The study population included 16 patients, with edentulous anterior maxillary alveolar ridges (40 implant sites) who were presented and treated at the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine in Cairo University from September 2013 to August 2015. Selected patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group received onlay particulate xenograft together with titanium mesh as a space-maintaining device while the study group received inlay block xenograft (sandwich osteotomy) fixed with mini-plates. Assessment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) included the mean percentage of vertical gain at the proposed implant sites after 6 months taken from cross-sectional cuts. A total of 40 delayed implant placements were done. Results showed that there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.2); the mean percentage of 6 months postoperative vertical bone gain in the control group was 20.7% and that in the study group was 31.6%.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical gain at the deficient anterior maxillary alveolar ridges using onlay bone grafts with titanium mesh versus inlay bone grafting. This was a single institutional randomized comparative clinical trial. The study population included 16 patients, with edentulous anterior maxillary alveolar ridges (40 implant sites) who were presented and treated at the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine in Cairo University from September 2013 to August 2015. Selected patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group received onlay particulate xenograft together with titanium mesh as a space-maintaining device while the study group received inlay block xenograft (sandwich osteotomy) fixed with mini-plates. Assessment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) included the mean percentage of vertical gain at the proposed implant sites after 6 months taken from cross-sectional cuts. A total of 40 delayed implant placements were done. Results showed that there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.2); the mean percentage of 6 months postoperative vertical bone gain in the control group was 20.7% and that in the study group was 31.6%.

Almost all children in Africa are exposed to some form of physical, sexual and psychological abuse
at home, at school and in the community. The aim of this research was to assess types of violence among
primary school children at Cairo Governorate. A descriptive correlational design was adopted in this study.
Three schools (two governmental and one experimental school) were selected randomly from south Cairo
educational directorate. A samples of 216 students from 5th and 6th grade at the three schools were included
in the study. Two tools were used to collect data pertinent to the study: 1) Structured interviewing
questionnaire sheet to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics of the students as age, sex, gender,
parental education, etc… 2) Violence assessment tool: it had 4 parts; a. School related violence, b. Physical
abuse of students by their parents, c. Emotional abuse and negligence and d. Sexual abuse. Results revealed
that, the most frequent type of violence was school-related violence, followed by physical abuse of students
by their parents and the least type of violence found was emotional abuse. Regarding sexual abuse, it was
found that (30%) of the students are exposed to some form of sexual abuse. A highly statistically significant
difference was found between student’s age and exposure to emotional and sexual abuse as well as school
related violence. A statistically significant difference was found between number of family members and
exposure to physical abuse by parents. Conclusion: It was obvious from the results that violence and child
abuse is a significant public health problem among the studied sample. Students were exposed to different
forms of violence at schools and also in their homes.