The distribution of sensory symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome is strongly dependent on the degree of electrophysiological dysfunction of the median nerve. The association between carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar nerve entrapment is still unclear. In this study, we measured ulnar nerve function in 82 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The patients were divided into group I with minimal carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 35) and group II with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 47) according to electrophysiological data. Sixty-one age- and sex-matched subjects without carpal tunnel syndrome were used as a control group. There were no significant differences in ulnar sensory nerve peak latencies or conduction velocities from the 4(th) and 5(th) fingers between patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and the control group. The ulnar sensory nerve action potential amplitudes from the 4(th) and 5(th) fingers were lower in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome than in the control group. The ratios of the ulnar sensory nerve action potential amplitudes from the 4(th) and 5(th) fingers were almost the same in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome as in the control group. These findings indicate that in patients with minimal to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome, there is some electrophysiological evidence of traction on the adjacent ulnar nerve fibers. The findings do not indicate axonal degeneration of the ulnar nerve.

Eighteen diamidino azaterphenyls and analogues were evaluated as anti-leishmanials; nine of the compounds gave IC50 values less than 1 microM, five exhibited values less than 0.40 microM, and two gave values less than 0.10 microM in a Leishmania donovani axenic amastigote assay. The activity of the diamidines strongly depends on the ring N-atom location relative to the amidine groups and correlates with DNA affinity. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed a dramatic dilation of the mitochondrion and evidence of disintegration of the kinetoplast of the amastigotes.

The azimuthal angle variation of the Coulomb and nuclear heavy ion (HI) potentials is studied in the framework of the double folding model, which is derived from realistic nuclear density distributions and a nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. The present calculation shows that the variation of HI potentials with the azimuthal angle depends strongly on the range of the NN forces. For the long-range Coulomb force, the maximum variation with is about 0.9%, and for HI potential derived from zero-range NN interaction the variation can reach up to 90.0%. Our calculations are compared with the recent dependence of the HI potential derived from proximity method. The present realistic dependence calculations of the HI potential is completely different from the results of the proximity calculations. © 2007 The American Physical Society.