Soil spatial variation is very valuable in deciding the suitable cropping system and appropriate agricultural management of lands. This research paper was done to measure the spatial variation of some soil characteristics, in the western farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza province, Egypt. Soils of studied area were classified as Typic Torrifluvents. 100 samples of soil were gathered at depth of 35 cm during 2016. Sampling designee was done by a grid systematic sampling system, using GPS. Samples of soil were gathered at spacing of 30*30 m2. Some soil characteristics including EC, pH, CaCO3, Organic matter (OM), Particle density (Pd), Bulk density (Bd) and Porosity (P) were determined in laboratory. Descriptive statistical analyze were achieved to describe soil properties. Geostatistical procedures of semivariograms and krigingcoupled with a GIS were utilized to interpret the variability ad mapping of spatial distribution of soil characteristics. The coefficient of variation displayed that the chemical properties the soil were more fickle than the physical properties. Electrical conductivity was the most variable characteristic. Results explained that EC and pH had the maximum and the minimum spatial correlation respectively.

Purpose: To identify statistical errors and pitfalls in dissertations performed as part of the requirements for the Medical Doctorate (MD) degree at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University (CU) to improve the quality of medical research. Methods: A critical assessment of 62 MD dissertations conducted in 3 departments at NCI, CU, between 2009 and 2013 was carried out regarding statistical methodology and presentation of the results. To detect differences in study characteristics over time, grouping was into two periods; 2009-2010 and 2011-2013. Results: Statistical methods were appropriate in only 13 studies (24.5%). The most common statistical tests applied were chi-square, log-rank, and Mann-Whitney tests. Four studies estimated sample size and/or power. Only 37.1% and 38.7% of dissertation results supported aims and answered the research questions, respectively. Most of results were misinterpreted (82.3%) with misuse of statistical terminology (77.4%). Tabular and graphical data display was independently informative in only 36 dissertations (58.1%) with accurate titles and labels in only 17 (27.4%). Statistical tests fulfilled the assumptions only in 29 studies; with evident misuse in 33. Ten dissertations reported non-significance regarding their primary outcome measure; the median power of the test was 35.5% (range: 6-60%). There was no significant change in the characteristics between the time periods. Conclusion: MD dissertations at NCI have many epidemiological and statistical defects that may compromise the external validity of the results. It is recommended to involve a biostatistician from the very start to improve study design, sample size calculation, end points estimation and measures.

This study aimed at assessing the suicidality risk factors and its management among adolescents. A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. Convenient sample consisted of 300 suicidal attempters was selected; who were admitted to Poison Control Center, Cairo University over a period of three months. Tools for data collection; Socio-demographic/medical data sheet, Perceived Social Support Scale, Beck Depressive Inventory Scale, Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, Life Stressors questionnaire and Management questionnaire, Results revealed that most of attempters were female adolescents, showed a higher tendency to be single, unemployed, moderate education , resided urban areas, using drug self poisoning ,showed none previous attempts ,high suicidal ideation , moderate depression and the most prominent problems were family problems. Attempters found to have received low family support, high friend support and receive only medical management. Suicide attempters need social and emotional support from their significant others.