Background With the recent growth in the applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), worries about their harmful effects are increasing. Selenium plays a vital role in the antioxidant defense system as well as free radical scavenging activity. Objectives This study aims to inspect the neuroprotective effect of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) against the adverse impact of Ag-NPs on brain tissue in adult rats. Design Rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) was administered distilled water (0.5 mL/kg), group II was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg), group III was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg) and CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) and group IV received only CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage. After 60 days, rats were subjected to behavioral assessment and then euthanized. Brain tissues were obtained for estimation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine (8-OHdG), and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like Protein 2 (Nrf2). Also, histological examination of the brain and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were investigated Results exposure to Ag-NPs induced marked neurotoxicity in the brain tissue of rats that was manifested by decreased levels of TAC and Nrf2 with increased levels of MDA and 8-OHdG. Also, various pathological lesions with an increase in the number of GFAP immunoreactive cells were detected. While brain tissue of rats received Ag-NPs plus CS-SeNPs group (III) revealed significantly fewer pathological changes. Conclusion Co-administration of CS-SeNPs significantly ameliorates most of the Ag-NPs-induced brain damage.

BACKGROUND: With the recent growth in the applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), worries about their harmful effects are increasing. Selenium plays a vital role in the antioxidant defense system as well as free radical scavenging activity.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to inspect the neuroprotective effect of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) against the adverse impact of Ag-NPs on brain tissue in adult rats.

DESIGN: Rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) was administered distilled water (0.5 mL/kg), group II was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg), group III was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg) and CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) and group IV received only CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage. After 60 days, rats were subjected to behavioral assessment and then euthanized. Brain tissues were obtained for estimation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine (8-OHdG), and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like Protein 2 (Nrf2). Also, histological examination of the brain and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were investigated RESULTS: exposure to Ag-NPs induced marked neurotoxicity in the brain tissue of rats that was manifested by decreased levels of TAC and Nrf2 with increased levels of MDA and 8-OHdG. Also, various pathological lesions with an increase in the number of GFAP immunoreactive cells were detected. While brain tissue of rats received Ag-NPs plus CS-SeNPs group (III) revealed significantly fewer pathological changes.

CONCLUSION: Co-administration of CS-SeNPs significantly ameliorates most of the Ag-NPs-induced brain damage.

BACKGROUND: With the recent growth in the applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), worries about their harmful effects are increasing. Selenium plays a vital role in the antioxidant defense system as well as free radical scavenging activity.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to inspect the neuroprotective effect of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) against the adverse impact of Ag-NPs on brain tissue in adult rats.

DESIGN: Rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) was administered distilled water (0.5 mL/kg), group II was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg), group III was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg) and CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) and group IV received only CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage. After 60 days, rats were subjected to behavioral assessment and then euthanized. Brain tissues were obtained for estimation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine (8-OHdG), and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like Protein 2 (Nrf2). Also, histological examination of the brain and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were investigated RESULTS: exposure to Ag-NPs induced marked neurotoxicity in the brain tissue of rats that was manifested by decreased levels of TAC and Nrf2 with increased levels of MDA and 8-OHdG. Also, various pathological lesions with an increase in the number of GFAP immunoreactive cells were detected. While brain tissue of rats received Ag-NPs plus CS-SeNPs group (III) revealed significantly fewer pathological changes.

CONCLUSION: Co-administration of CS-SeNPs significantly ameliorates most of the Ag-NPs-induced brain damage.

This study was designed to evaluate the oxidative damage, genotoxicity, and DNA damage in the liver of rats treated with titanium nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) with an average size of 28.0 nm and ξ-potential of - 33.97 mV, and to estimate the protective role of holy basil essential oil nanoemulsion (HBEON). Six groups of Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 3 weeks as follows: the control group, HBEO or HBEON-treated groups (5 mg/kg b.w), TiO-NPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w), and the groups treated with TiO-NPs plus HBEO or HBEON. Samples of blood and tissues were collected for different analyses. The results revealed that 55 compounds were identified in HBEO, and linalool and methyl chavicol were the major compounds (53.9%, 12.63%, respectively). HBEON were semi-round with the average size and ζ-potential of 120 ± 4.5 nm and - 28 ± 1.3 mV, respectively. TiO-NP administration increased the serum biochemical indices, oxidative stress markers, serum cytokines, DNA fragmentation, and DNA breakages; decreased the antioxidant enzymes; and induced histological alterations in the liver. Co-administration of TiO-NPs plus HBEO or HBEON improved all the tested parameters and the liver histology, and HBEON was more effective than HBEO. Therefore, HEBON is a promising candidate able to protect against oxidative damage, disturbances in biochemical markers, gene expression, DNA damage, and histological changes resulting from exposure to TiO-NPs and may be applicable in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.