Introduction: Klinefelter syndrome is the commonest chromosomal cause of non-obstructive azoospermia. Despite reports that these men can have children using assisted reproduction techniques, it is not common practice in the Egypt to offer sperm retrieval to these men. Design: Case report. Setting. Private IVF center (EIFC-IVF) and a university hospital. Patient. A 24-year-old woman and a 29-year-old man with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Intervention. Testicular sperm extraction followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (TESE-ICSI). Results. Fifteen immotile sperms were found, five oocytes were injected, and three embryos were transferred. Now the pregnancy is progressing beyond 20 weeks. Conclusion: Spermatozoa from a patient with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome retrieved through TESE can lead to pregnancy.

Crude fenugreek gum (3.74% protein) was purified by dissolving in aqueous solvent and centrifugation to remove impurities which yielded a purified gum fraction containing 1.10% protein residue. Further purification of the gum was achieved by treating the gum solution with phenol to obtain protein free fenugreek gum (0.16% protein residue). The three types of fenugreek gums were evaluated for: molecular weight, surface activity and rheological performance. Surface and interfacial tension, measured by a Du Nouy ring, indicated that the removal of protein in the gum significantly reduced its surface activity. However, the crude fenugreek gum exhibited lower intrinsic viscosity and radius of gyration compared to the purified and protein free fenugreek gums. It was found that both protein residue and gum concentration affected the elastic modulus (G′), viscous modulus (G″), and complex viscosity (η∗).