Awad, A. M. S., A. M. E. Tohamy, H. M. E. Azizi, and A. M. Rehan,
Carrying Angle In Relation To Muscle strength In children With Erb's Palsy ,
, Giza, Cairo univ, 2013.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the carrying angle and the muscle strength in children with Erb's palsy and also to assess the effect of reduced muscle strength on the muscle architecture and carrying angle in these children. Subjects and procedures: Twenty three Erb's palsied children (boys and girls) with age ranged from 6 months to 6 years old were selected to participate in this study. Carrying angle was measured by a universal goniometer, muscle architecture parameters (pennation angle and muscle thickness) were measured by ultrasonography and muscle strength was measured by active movement scale for young children and by Laffayette dynamometer for older children. Results: The results of this study revealed that there was a positive significant correlation between carrying angle and pennation angle of biceps during relaxation in affected side of group (2) and a positive correlation between carrying angle and muscle thickness of biceps and triceps during contraction in non affected side of group (1). Also in comparison between both sides there was a significant increase in carrying angle in the non affected side. Also a significant increase in pennation angle of triceps during relaxation in the non affected side. In conclusion: From the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is a relation between carrying angle, muscle architecture parameters and muscle strength.
Ali, S. M. H., N. E. - D. Tawfik, and R. M. El-Nashar,
Construction and Performance Characteristics of New Ion Selective Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Determination of Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride and Selegiline Hydrochloride,
, Egypt, Cairo University, 2012.
AbstractThe presented thesis describes the preparation and investigation of the
performance characteristics of new plastic membrane electrodes, carbon paste
electrodes and carbon nanotubes chemically modified carbon paste electrodes for
potentiometric determination of meclofenoxate hydrochloride (MecloCl) and
selegiline hydrochloride (SelCl). In these electrodes, the active element is
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane as in case of plastic membrane electrodes that
plasticized with dioctyl adipate (DOA) containing an ion-exchanger of the
investigated drug with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) or phosphotungstic acid
(PTA). Carbon paste electrodes presented low cost and easy construction by
simple mixing of graphite powder with dioctyladipate (DOA) as a plasticizer and
an ion-exchanger of the investigated drugs with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) or
phosphotungstic acid (PTA). The same procedure is done for carbon nanotubes
chemically modified carbon paste electrodes with addition certain amount of
multi-wall carbon nanotubes which have excellent effect for improving the
performance characteristics of the studied electrodes for determination the
investigated drugs. Carbon nanotubes chemically modified carbon paste electrodes
have better conductivity, higher potential responses, faster response time, longer
operational lifetime and wider linear concentration range than carbon paste
electrodes due to carbon nanotubes possess unique geometric, mechanical,
electronic, and chemical properties as high mechanical strength, high electrical
conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high surface area.