Abstract This study aimed to through light on the functionality of water-soluble peptide extract (WSPE) of Domiati cheese as affected by Neutrase (2.5 and 5 mg/L milk) in addition to rennin to accelerate cheese ripening. Antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, and anticancer activities of WSPE during ripening were assessed. All parameters under study showed a significant increase during ripening in a dose-dependent manner. WSPE from fresh or ripened cheese exhibited antioxidant, ACE inhibitory, and anticancer activities as a consequence of many bioactive peptides present. These bioactive peptides were mainly originated from α-, β-, and κ - casein. The activities of WSPE were directly proportional to the dose of the Neutrase used for cheese ripening. Practical applications Domiati cheese is the most popular and most consumable Egyptian soft cheese whether it is fresh or ripened. Cheese ripening acquires the desirable sensory properties as a result of the enzymatic degradation of its components, that is, fat and protein and as a result the release of bioactive peptides which exhibit special functions may influence consumer health. There is a wide variety of physiological activities induced by bioactive peptides. The functions of those peptides differ according to the enzyme used in manufacturing and for accelerating the ripening process. Due to the lack of information about the bioactive peptides in Domiati cheese, Neutrase was used in the manufacture of Domiati cheese to accelerate its ripening and produce a new type of Domiati cheese with high biological and functional properties and thus increasing the consumer health awareness.

Nanomedicine is a rapidly emerging field with several breakthroughs in the therapeutic drug delivery application. The unique properties of the nanoscale delivery systems offer huge advantages to their payload such as solubilization, increased bioavailability, and improved pharmacokinetics with an overall goal of enhanced therapeutic index. Nanomedicine has the potential for integrating and enabling new therapeutic modalities. Several nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been granted approval for clinical use based on their outstanding clinical outcomes. Nanomedicine faces several challenges that hinder the realization of its full potential. In this review, we discuss the critical formulation- and biological-related quality features that significantly influence the performance of nanoparticulate systems in vivo. We also discuss the quality-by-design approach in the pharmaceutical manufacturing and its implementation in the nanomedicine. A deep understanding of these nanomedicine quality checkpoints and a systematic design that takes them into consideration will hopefully expedite the clinical translation process.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is the most commonly encountered arrhythmia. Several antiarrhythmic agents are effective in restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm.

AIM OF THE WORK: To compare the efficacy and rapidity of conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation using oral propafenone versus intravenous infusion of amiodarone.

METHODS: The study included 200 patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation. Patients were equally divided into 2 groups; group A where intravenous infusion amiodarone was given and group B where oral propafenone was administrated. The effectiveness and the time needed for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm were compared in both groups.

RESULTS: The success of conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm was 83% in group A and 85% in group B, p-value = 0.699. The time elapsed from drug administration till conversion of atrial fibrillation was 9.07 ± 5.04 hours in group A versus 3.9 ± 1.54 hours in group B, p-value = 0.001. In both groups, patients who showed failed conversion had a significantly larger left atrial diameter and a significantly higher high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level.

CONCLUSION: Oral propafenone was faster than parenteral amiodarone in the conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Patients with failed conversion had a bigger left atrial diameter and a higher hsCRP when compared to patients with successful conversion.