Two types of compost were produced: green waste compost (GWC) and mixed waste compost (MWC). GWC was composed of green wastes while MWC was composed of green wastes and animal manure. Both composts have alkaline pH, acceptable salinity content, low C/N ratio. Humification indices and IsoElectroFocusing (IEF) were used to describe the evolution of organic matter during composting. Humified carbon has increased for both compost but with a higher percentage for GWC. IEF profiles for both composts were similar and they did not provide further interpretation. A greenhouse trial was carried out to evaluate peat substitutability at 30, 50 and 70% compost on melon seedlings growth. Compost addition has affected chemical and physical properties of the mixes. Biometric parameters and shoot content of nutrients were measured. The results obtained showed that peat could be substituted with 30% of both composts. Moreover MWC could successfully replace peat with a percentage up to 70%.

Background:
Esophageal replacement in children is indicated in cases of esophageal atresia with or without fistula, in case of long gap esophageal atresia or failed primary repair. Intractable postcorrosive esophageal stricture is considered also a major indication for replacement.

Methods:
We reviewed esophageal replacement cases by gastric tube carried out in our department between 2011 and 2015. We reported 50 patients (30 boys and 20 girls) there ages ranged from 7 months to 9 years. Esophageal atresia cases were 27 while caustic esophageal stricture cases were 23. Isoperistaltic gastric tube technique was done in 45 patients while antiperistaltic (reversed) gastric tube technique was done in 5 cases. Retrosternal route was chosen in 38 patients while transhiatal route was chosen in 12 patients.

Results:
Leakage and stricture were the most common complications. We had 5 cases of mortality, which were caused mainly by chest related complications. We had excellent to good results during long term follow up in terms of weight gain, swallowing pattern, quality of life, and overall satisfaction

Conclusion:
Gastric tube is a satisfactory surgical method for esophageal replacement in children.

The study analyses the relationship between good governance and development in the framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). It proposes that the objective assessment of NEPAD will lead to a conclusion that, similar to previous development initiatives, it holds promising prospects despite its defects. Its African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) may open a debate on the requirements and indicators of good governance in Africa, and represent a tool for collective pressure for promoting good governance in Africa. While it adopts the neo-liberal framework of International Financial Institutions, NEPAD proposes a partnership between the state, private sector, and civil society for achieving development in Africa. Judging NEPAD's contribution to African development depends on its implementation in the coming years.