Purpose: To evaluate the success of ocular survival following chemoreduction and efficency of local treatment in the management of Retinoblastoma in the first multidisciplinary system for the treatment of childhood cancer in egypt Methods: A total number of 262 retinoblastomas cases managed between July 2007 to December 2012 with six cycles of chemoreduction (vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (COG protocols). The tumors were then managed with local treatment alone (group A) or chemoreduction combined with , cryotherapy or Diode laser (group B and C) and some cases of group D. In addition to enucleation for group E and advanced cases . Results: Of 262 retinoblastomas cases , (0.9%) were in group A, (8.4%) in group B, (11.7%) in group C, (44.4%) in group D,and (33.6) in group E. The mean age at presentation is 21.17 months .Bilateral affection was in 43% and unilateral in 57%. Family history of cancer was 11% and consangunity was positive in 19%. Extraocular involvement was in 18% of cases . Incidence of ocular survival for bilateral cases was 95% in group A ,80% in group B 45% in group C and 35% in group D ,while in unilateral cases it was 80%in group B ,50% in group C ,15% in group D . Conclusions: There is no doubt that the application of different treatment modalities among a multidisciplinary system in the treatment of retinoblastoma in the cancer children hospital gives a very good percentage of success despite the relatively late presentation and the higher incidence of advanced cases Financial disclosure: There is no financial disclosure Paper

This review highlights the recent advances concerning the role of polyamines and brassinosteroids in stress tolerance of plants with a special accent on drought. Alterations of the endogenous polyamine and brassinosteroid levels and their function in alleviation of drought stress are discussed. Possibilities for application of exogenous polyamines and brassinosteroids to lessen the stress injuries and to increase drought tolerance are also summarized. Genetic and molecular approaches for improving plant tolerance to drought via modification of polyamine levels and involvement of brassinosteroids in signal transduction pathways under stress are presented. Interaction of polyamines and brassinosteroids with phytohormones and osmolytes under drought stress is reviewed. We describe also the recent investigations in Bulgaria and Egypt concerning the modulation of plant reactions to drought stress by application of polyamines and brassinosteroids.