In recent years, few reports suggest that the oxidative process may be present in hypothyroid patients; however, these reports were mostly contradictory and with very few data regarding canine patients. So, this investigation was designed to study oxidative stress alterations in both hypothyroid and euthyroid dogs. The study was conducted on thirteen dogs (six hypothyroid dogs and seven euthyroid dogs) with an age range of 4–7 years. Establishing hypothyroidism was based on clinical signs and results of thyroid hormones evaluation. Serum samples were taken from each animal for evaluation of free T4 (fT4), total T4 (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cholesterol, triglycerides, ALP, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and comparison between euthyroid data and hypothyroid data was made. There was a decrease in fT4 and TT4 in hypothyroid patients along with elevation in TSH, cholesterol, triglycerides, and ALP. Oxidative biomarkers showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) elevation in both MDA and TAC in the hypothyroid dog. Canine hypothyroidism is associated with oxidative stress manifested with elevation in MDA and TAC; this process is exasperated by hyperlipidemia.

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BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) are responsible for foodborne outbreaks that can result in severe human disease. During an outbreak, differential disease outcomes are observed after infection with the same STEC strain. One question of particular interest is why some infected people resolve infection after hemorrhagic colitis whereas others progress to the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Host age and infection dose have been implicated; however, these parameters do not appear to fully account for all of the observed variation in disease severity. Therefore, we hypothesized that additional host genetic factors may play a role in progression to HUS.

METHODS AND RESULTS: To mimic the genetic diversity in the human response to infection by STEC, we measured the capacity of an O157:H7 outbreak isolate to colonize mouse strains from the advanced recombinant inbred (ARI) BXD panel. We first infected the BXD parental strains C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J (D2) with either 86-24 (Stx2a+) or TUV86-2, an Stx2a-negative isogenic mutant. Colonization levels were determined in an intact commensal flora (ICF) infection model. We found a significant difference in colonization levels between the parental B6 and D2 strains after infection with TUV86-2 but not with 86-24. This observation suggested that a host factor that may be masked by Stx2a affects O157:H7 colonization in some genetic backgrounds. We then determined the TUV86-2 colonization levels of 24 BXD strains in the ICF model. We identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with variation in colonization by correlation analyses. We found a highly significant QTL on proximal chromosome 9 (12.5-26.7 Mb) that strongly predicts variation in colonization levels and accounts for 15-20 % of variance. Linkage, polymorphism and co-citation analyses of the mapped region revealed 36 candidate genes within the QTL, and we identified five genes that are most likely responsible for the differential colonization.

CONCLUSIONS: The identification of the QTL on chromosome 9 supports our hypothesis that individual genetic makeup affects the level of colonization after infection with STEC O157:H7.

Provide a comprehensive overview about anatomy and physiology of the heart, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) definition, history, physiological effects, timing and timing errors, indications and contraindications, complications and nursing care of the patient undergoing IABP therapy. Thesis study aims to assess nurses' knowledge and practices regarding care of patients connected to Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump at selected Intensive Care Units. finally, findings of the current study, discusses nursing implications and ends with recommendation for further study.