PURPOSE: To describe the optical coherence tomography angiography findings in nonocular Behçet disease.

METHODS: The superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and outer retinal and choroidal flow were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography. Perimetry was performed to correlate any microvascular and functional changes.

RESULTS: Capillary nonperfusion areas were found in the superficial capillary plexus in 16/20 eyes (80%) and in the DCP in 17/20 eyes (85%). Perifoveal capillary arcade disruption and vessel rarefaction were present in both plexuses in all cases. Capillary telangiectasia was present in the superficial capillary plexus in five eyes (25%) and in the DCP in all eyes. Telangiectasia of the parafoveal capillaries was present in the DCP in all eyes. The mean area of the foveal avascular zone was not significantly different from that in 20 normal eyes (P = 0.68). However, mean and central subfield capillary density values were significantly lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively) in the Behçet disease group. Perimetry revealed central scotomata on the pattern deviation plot in 12 eyes (60%).

CONCLUSION: Telangiectasia of the parafoveal capillaries was detected in the DCP in all cases. Microvascular changes in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP in nonocular Behçet disease can be detected by optical coherence tomography angiography.

An association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and bladder cancer has been reported. However, the role of HPV in bilharzial bladder cancer and its prevalence are not yet clarified. We investigated 50 cases for HPV types 16/18 by in situ hybridization (ISH). Also, p53 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated in 41 of these 50 cases, with correlation of these factors to clinicopathologic parameters and tumor relapse after primary treatment. HPV was detected in 46% of Egyptian bladder carcinomas (23/50 cases). Positivity was 47.8% for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 36.4% for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). There was a possible viral- bilharzial association as 52.8% of bilharzial cases, while only 12.5% of non bilharzial cases were HPV positive (p<0.05). P53 protein was found in 19/41cases (46.3%). Concordance between HPV and p53 was present in 58.5% of cases. Both factors studied were not related to tumor recurrence after primary treatment. So, HPV may be implicated in the aetiology of bilharzial bladder cancer, however a definite causal relationship remains unsolved. HPV together with p53 alterations might work in synergy to accelerate the carcinogenic process, as there was concordance in the results of both parameters in 24/41 cases (58.5%).

Decimal floating-point multiplication is important in many commercial applications including financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, and accounting. This paper presents a fully parallel Decimal64 floating point multiplier compliant to IEEE Std 754-2008 standard for floating point arithmetic. The proposed multiplier possesses novel methods to target low latency. The proposed design is based on previously published fixed point multiplier that uses a novel BCD 4221 recoding for decimal digits to improve the area and latency of the partial product generation and the partial product reduction tree. Several enhancements are introduced to the design; the final carry propagation adder is implemented using a full parallel decimal adder with a Kogge-Stone prefix tree, the sticky bit is generated parallel to the shifter to reduce the critical path delay. The design is extendible to support Decimal128 floating point multiplication. The multiplier is hardware verified for functionality on an FPGA.