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Raafat, I., N. Azab, M. Khorshied, M. Yacoub, and L. Samy, "Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) G/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus female patients ", The Egyptian Rheumatologist , 2014. stat4_in_sle-2014-ours.pdf
raafat, R., R. Dwedar, and E. El-Seidi, "evaluation of chrmogenic medium (cps) inthe isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens", the egyptian journal of medical microbiology, vol. 24 no 2, issue 1110-2179, pp. 29-34, 2015. final_copy_chromogenic_media.doc
Raafat, H., M. Zahran, and M. Rashwan, "Arabase: A Database Combining Different Arabic Resources with Lexical and Semantic Information", KDIR, a part of IC3K, the international Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, In a Special Session on Text Mining, Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, SCITE Press, 2013.
Raafat, A., S. S. Tahoun, and N. M. Aboul Ela, "Palynomorph biostratigraphy, palynofacies, thermal maturity and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Bajocian–Aptian succession in the OBA D-8 Well, Matruh Basin, Egypt", Journal of African Earth Sciences, vol. 177, pp. 104157, 2021.
Raafat, H., R. M., "A Tree Structured Neural Network for Document Analysis and Recognition, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Oct. 20th- 22nd, 1993, pp 939-941, Tsukuba Science City, Japan.", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba Science City, Japan., pp. pp–939, 1993. Abstract
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Raafat, A., and A. A. AbdelHamed, "Effect of electrical stimulation on femoral artery blood flow in chronic heart failure. Effect of electrical stimulation on femoral artery blood flow in chronic heart failure", Bulletin of physical therapy, Cairo University . , vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 13- 19, Submitted.
Raafat, H., R. M. Azmy, R. Shamloul, and A. Eldeeb, "Importance of early recognition of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like disorders in the Egyptian population", The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, vol. 53, issue 4: Medknow Publications, pp. 219, 2016. Abstract
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Raafat, I. I., N. E. Guindy, R. M. H. Shahin, and L. A. Samy, "Toll-like receptor 7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study", Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, vol. 1, pp. 1-5, 2017. tlr_7.pdf
raafat, R., R. Dwedar, and E. El-Seidi, "evaluation of chrmogenic medium (cps) inthe isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens", the egyptian journal of medical microbiology, vol. 24 no 2, issue 1110-2179, pp. 29-34, 2015. final_copy_chromogenic_media.doc
Raafat, I. I., N. A. Azab, M. M. Khorshied, M. H. Yacoub, and L. A. Samy, "Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) G/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus female patients ", The Egyptian Rheumatologist , vol. 37, pp. 75-80, 2015.
and Raafat, Marwa M, M. Ali-Tammam, and A. E. Ali, "Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egyptian hospitals. ", African Journal of Microbiology Researc, vol. 10, issue 39, pp. 1645-1653, 2016.
Raafat, N., "התעוללות המתנחלים בפלסטינים בחברון", Hermes, vol. 2, issue 1, pp. 141-233, 2013. d._njl_rft.pdf
Raafat, M. A., E. Abou Hussein, A. K. Abou Raya, and A. El Shirbiny, "Some nutritional studies on colostrum and milk of cow and buffaloes.", Egyptian Journal of Animal Production, 1974. Abstract
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Raafat, A., H. Khaled, N. Mokhtar, A. R. Zekri, and H. Gaballah, "Human papilloma virus infection and overexpression of p53 protein in bilharzial bladder cancer", Cancer Molecular Biology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1481-1492, 2000. AbstractWebsite

An association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and bladder cancer has been reported. However, the role of HPV in bilharzial bladder cancer and its prevalence are not yet clarified. We investigated 50 cases for HPV types 16/18 by in situ hybridization (ISH). Also, p53 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated in 41 of these 50 cases, with correlation of these factors to clinicopathologic parameters and tumor relapse after primary treatment. HPV was detected in 46% of Egyptian bladder carcinomas (23/50 cases). Positivity was 47.8% for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 36.4% for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). There was a possible viral- bilharzial association as 52.8% of bilharzial cases, while only 12.5% of non bilharzial cases were HPV positive (p<0.05). P53 protein was found in 19/41cases (46.3%). Concordance between HPV and p53 was present in 58.5% of cases. Both factors studied were not related to tumor recurrence after primary treatment. So, HPV may be implicated in the aetiology of bilharzial bladder cancer, however a definite causal relationship remains unsolved. HPV together with p53 alterations might work in synergy to accelerate the carcinogenic process, as there was concordance in the results of both parameters in 24/41 cases (58.5%).

Raafat, K. A., M. M. S. ElDin, and Y. M. S. Mostaf, "Ultrasound biomicroscopy of Phakic-6 Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens For High Myopia", Cataract and Cornea, vol. 10, pp. 114-121, 2004.
Raafat, M., M. El-Kalioubie, and Sahar Mahmoud Mansoura, "MRI and three dimensional ultrasonography in the assessment of pulmonary hypoplasia in fetuses with urinary tract anomalies", The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, vol. 47, pp. 1753-1764, 2016.
Raafat, R. M. E., T. M. Abd el Rahman, and M. A. F. Hafez, "The prevalence and the adding value of fetal MRI imaging in midline cerebral anomalies", Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, vol. 51, issue 31, pp. 1-8, 2020. the_prevalence_and_the_adding_value_of_fetal_mri_imaging_in_midline_cerebral_anomalies.pdf
application/pdf iconthe_prevalence_and_the_adding_value_of_fetal_mri_imaging_in_midline_cerebral_anomalies.pdf
Raafat, A., S. S. Tahoun, and N. M. Aboul Ela, "Palynology and palynofacies of the Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous successions of northwest Egypt", Arabian Journal of Geosciences., vol. 14, pp. 2539, 2021.
Raafat, K. A., R. S. H. M. Allam, and B. M. Medhat, "OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH NONOCULAR BEHÇET DISEASE.", Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018 Apr 23. Abstract

PURPOSE: To describe the optical coherence tomography angiography findings in nonocular Behçet disease.

METHODS: The superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and outer retinal and choroidal flow were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography. Perimetry was performed to correlate any microvascular and functional changes.

RESULTS: Capillary nonperfusion areas were found in the superficial capillary plexus in 16/20 eyes (80%) and in the DCP in 17/20 eyes (85%). Perifoveal capillary arcade disruption and vessel rarefaction were present in both plexuses in all cases. Capillary telangiectasia was present in the superficial capillary plexus in five eyes (25%) and in the DCP in all eyes. Telangiectasia of the parafoveal capillaries was present in the DCP in all eyes. The mean area of the foveal avascular zone was not significantly different from that in 20 normal eyes (P = 0.68). However, mean and central subfield capillary density values were significantly lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively) in the Behçet disease group. Perimetry revealed central scotomata on the pattern deviation plot in 12 eyes (60%).

CONCLUSION: Telangiectasia of the parafoveal capillaries was detected in the DCP in all cases. Microvascular changes in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP in nonocular Behçet disease can be detected by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Raafat, A., S. S. Tahoun, and A. N. Ela, "Palynomorph biostratigraphy, palynofacies, thermal maturity and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Bajocian-Aptian succession in the OBA D-8 Well, Matruh Basin, Egypt", Journal of African Earth Sciences, vol. 177, pp. Article # 104157, 2021.
Raafat, M., M. El-Kalioubie, and S. Mahmoud Mansour, "MRI and three dimensional ultrasonography in the assessment of pulmonary hypoplasia in fetuses with urinary tract anomalies.", The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, vol. Volume 47, issue Issue 4, pp. 1753-1764, 2016.
raafat, R., R. Dwedar, and E. El-Seidi, "evaluation of chrmogenic medium (cps) inthe isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens", the egyptian journal of medical microbiology, vol. 24 no 2, issue 1110-2179, pp. 29-34, 2015. final_copy_chromogenic_media.doc
Raafat, S. S., S. Z. Ezzat, Y. A. Khachaba, and L. A. Aboul-Nasr, "Autologous Mastopexy and Autoaugmentation of the Breast", Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, vol. 8, issue e3126, 2020.
Raafat, S., Assessment of nurses knowledge and practice for patients undergoing hemodialysis, , Egypt, Cairo, 2013. shaimaa_thesis.......__2.pdf
Raafat, A., PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALYNOFACIES AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF SOME SUBSURFACE CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS FROM THE NORTH WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT, , Egypt, cairo university, 2016.