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The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion and biofilm formation of () on conventionally fabricated, milled, and 3D-printed denture base resin materials in order to determine the susceptibility of denture contamination during clinical use. Specimens were incubated with (ATCC 10231) for 1 and 24 h. Adhesion and biofilm formation of were assessed using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The XTT (2,3-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide) assay was used for the quantification of fungal adhesion and biofilm formation. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.02 for windows. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc testing were performed with a statistical significance level set at α = 0.05. The quantitative XTT biofilm assay revealed significant differences in the biofilm formation of between the three groups in the 24 h incubation period. The highest proportion of biofilm formation was observed in the 3D-printed group, followed by the conventional group, while the lowest candida biofilm formation was observed in the milled group. The difference in biofilm formation among the three tested dentures was statistically significant ( < 0.001). The manufacturing technique has an influence on the surface topography and microbiological properties of the fabricated denture base resin material. Additive 3D-printing technology results in increased candida adhesion and the roughest surface topography of maxillary resin denture base as compared to conventional flask compression and CAD/CAM milling techniques. In a clinical setting, patients wearing additively manufactured maxillary complete dentures are thus more susceptible to the development of candida-associated denture stomatitis and accordingly, strict oral hygiene measures and maintenance programs should be emphasized to patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of chlamydiosis in free ranging asymptomatic and diarrhoeic sheep and goats. Fecal swabs were examined for the presence of chlamydiae by culture in Vero cells, chick embryo, Gimenez staining, direct fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody staining and immunoperoxidase. Chlamydial DNA was then used to identify specific DNA by omp2 gene using the PCR-RFLP. The asymptomatic goats were 50% positive for the presence of the omp2 gene of the family Chlamydiaceae which were totally Cp. psittaci (100%). The percentage of the family Chlamydiaceae in diseased goats was 16.2% which were also identified to be positive for Cp. psittaci (100%). The asymptomatic sheep revealed that 6.7% were positive for the presence of the omp2 gene of the family Chlamydiaceae and to be 100% positive for Cp. psittaci. On the other hand, 42.9% of the samples that were collected from the diseased sheep were positive for the family Chlamydiaceae of which 25.7% were Cp. psittaci and 4.8% Cp. pecorum.

The Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region (GCMR) in its seeking to sustainable development (SD) by the year of 2050 facing the serious challenge of around 65 percent of Cairenes live in unplanned settlements. In this respect, the authors examined the effect of urban characteristics of unplanned settlements on SD in the Egyptian context, focusing on the type of unplanned growth on agricultural land. The output of the analysis were fourfold. First of all, we provide a brief overview of previous research on the main types of unplanned settlements in GCMR and the sustainability definition according to the Egyptian context. Secondly, we had a discussion with the local government during our field survey in GCMR to determine the study samples, the main urban characteristics, and the sustainability evaluation criteria in the Egyptian context. Thirdly, through the comparative analysis and geographic information system (GIS), we examined how the character of urban development affected per capita four urban measures in a cross-section of two settlements, one represented the unplanned settlements and other as a comparative planned sample to determine the real gap. Finally, by using the evaluation matrix, the help and block items are estimated for each measure of urban characteristics, providing substantive evidence on how the four measures of urban characteristics have been affected by the urban sprawl.

Many life applications are extremely depending on using the robots, thus the human are seeking to develop efficient robots. Robot learning is to acquire extra knowledge in order to achieve objective configuration. In addition, robot learning from demonstration is about teaching the robot how to do specific task by the guidance of the human. Till now, learning from demonstration depends on discrete data which may cause distortion in the learning outcome. So that, preprocessing phase for the data is necessarily to handle this distortion. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for generating a generalized trajectory by employing set of demonstrated trajectories. Such that preprocessed data is used initially instead of the raw data, the preprocessing is done using posterior hidden Markov model state distribution. The rest of the model is based on set of key points identified for each demonstration. Our proposed scheme is experimentally compared to the previous works. The results show that our proposed scheme is able to reduce the error in comparison to other recent schemes with insignificant added computational cost.

Although normally regarded harmless commensals, enterococci may cause a range of different infections in humans, including urinary tract infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. The acquisition of vancomycin resistance by enterococci (VRE) has seriously affected the treatment and infection control of these organisms. VRE are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. With VRE emerging as a global threat to public health, we aimed to isolate, identify enterococci species from tilapia and their resistance to van-mediated glycopeptide (vanA and vanC) as well as the presence of enterococcal surface protein (esp) using conventional and molecular methods. The cultural, biochemical (Vitek 2 system) and polymerase chain reaction results revealed eight Enterococcus isolates from the 80 fish samples (10%) to be further identified as E. faecalis (6/8, 75%) and E gallinarum (2/8, 25%). Intraperitoneal injection of healthy Nile tilapia with the eight Enterococcus isolates caused significant morbidity (70%) within 3 days and 100% mortality at 6 days post-injection with general signs of septicemia. All of the eight Enterococcus isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. The 6/6 E. faecalis isolates were susceptible for penicillin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. On the other hand 5/6 were susceptible for ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. The two isolates of E. gallinarum were sensitive to rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and resistant to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Molecular characterization proved that they all presented the prototypic vanC element. On the whole, one of the two vancomycin resistance gene was present in 3/8 of the enterococci isolates, while the esp virulence gene was present in 1/8 of the enterococci isolates. The results in this study emphasize the potential role that aquatic environments are correlated to proximity to anthropogenic activities in determining the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. recovered from fish in the river Nile in Giza, Elmounib, Egypt as a continuation of our larger study on the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

This research pioneers the process of obtaining information concerning the distribution and existence of seven genes linked to , three virulence and five quorum sensing separated from 100 camel meat samples using PCR. The Vitek system was used to identify species. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance of 16 antibiotics was tested by disc diffusion. Quantification of pyocyanin, elastase, alkaline protease, biofilm and Vero cell cytotoxicity was also implemented. The total number of species isolated from camel meat was 10/100 identified as 8/10, 2/10. The isolates were multidrug resistant and were resistant to four to eight antibiotics representing four to six classes. The 15 genes exhibited a huge diversity in their association. The results indicated that camel meat is an unpropitious hotbed for species of clinical significance.