Background:-Thyroid nodule is common, malignancies found in ≈ 9-15% of the nodules evaluated with FNAB (1). High resolution US and FNAB are the most important steps in diagnostic workup of thyroid nodule. 20–40% of FNABs yield undetermined cytology (2). Surgery is required in indeterminate FNAB, but only quarter of them prove to be malignant after surgery (3), so 77% underwent unneeded surgery. so, finding a mean to diagnose malignant nodule preoperative is important. advances in molecular genetics can be applied to develop a new diagnostic markers for FNA samples.Objective:- evaluating the diagnostic value of high resolution U/S, FNAC, and BRAFV600 in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules. Patients and Methodology: 50 patients from Kasr alainy endocrine outpatient clinic with solitary or multiple thyroid nodules, All subjected to Full history and examination, thyroid profile, high resolution neck U/S, U/S guided FNAC and BRAFV600E analysis on FNAB using DNA sequencing then HRMA for confirmation Results: - The incidence of BRAFV600E mutation among PTC patients was 55.6%, P value < 0.001. The sensitivity of BRAFV600E mutation was 42.9%, specificity was 100%. Ultrasound sensitivity in detecting malignancy was 88.2%, specificity 72.7%. Addition of ultrasonography to BRAFV600E analysis increased ultrasound sensitivity in detecting PTC preoperative to 92%.There was a positive correlation between most suspicious ultrasonography findings and presence of BRAFV600E mutation (increased AP/T diameter, Increase intra-nodular blood flow, cervical lymphadenopathy, absent or incomplete halo (all p value < 0.001), irregular border p value 0.004 , micro calcifications p value 0.007.
Conclusion1-High resolution US and FNAB are the most important steps in diagnosis of thyroid nodule.2-BRAFV600E mutation detected mainly in PTC.3- Adding BRAFV600E analysis to U/S and FNA will increase the sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis of PTC especially in indefinite nodules. 4-BRAFV600E positivity was associated with most known suspicious U/S finding and significantly present in cases with cervical lymphadenopathy that may give it a prognostic value.5-HRMA is simple, accurate, low cost tool for BRAFV600E analysis.

Early language development is stimulated by the linguistic input that children hear on a regular basis. Since media has become an integral part of Egyptian children’s lives in the past decade it is essential to study its role on language development. The aim of this work is to detect the relation between delayed language development and increased exposure to visual media. The study was conducted on 140 Egyptian, Arabic speaking children, with age range between two and five years. The Children were divided into two groups; 70 children with delayed language development, and 70 typically developing children. A questionnaire was designed to assess the media viewing habits of each group. The results obtained from this study revealed an association between early and excessive exposure to visual media and delayed language development.

Key words: Visual media – Television – Language development- Language assessment- Media viewing habits.

The current study aims at studying the effect of a program based on Curiosity
in developing Attention, Visual perception and Critical thinking for pupils of the
preparatory stage. Sample of the study consisted of (30) pupils of the second year
of the prep. Stage as a Control group, and (30) pupils as an Experimental group.
The current study reached differences between the pre-measuring and the post
measuring for the experimental group in (Attention, Visual perception and Critical
thinking) variables in favor of the post measuring, also The study reached
differences in the post measuring between the Experimental and Control groups in
favor of Experimental group in (Attention, Visual perception and Critical thinking)
variables.