«النيل في العصر البريطاني» كتاب جديد صادر عن المركز القومى للترجمة، يفسر جذور الصراع حول مياه النيل، وكيف استغلت الحكومات الأوروبية خلال فترات السيطرة الاستعمارية على القارة الأفريقية عموما، وفي حوض النهر بشكل خاص، في إدارة تقسيم مناطق نفوذ محددة لسهولة السيطرة عليها، ومن ثم التحكم في مقدرات شعوب حوض النيل.

In the recent days, a great deal of researches is interested in segmentation of different organs in medical images. Segmentation of liver is as an initial phase in liver diagnosis, it is also a challenging task due to its similarity with other organs intensity values. This paper aims to propose a grey wolf optimization based approach for segmenting liver from the abdomen CT images. The proposed approach combines three parts to achieve this goal. It combines the usage of grey wolf optimization, statistical image of liver, simple region growing and Mean shift clustering technique. The initial cleaned image is passed to Grey Wolf (GW) optimization technique. It calculated the centroids of a predefined number of clusters. According to each pixel intensity value in the image, the pixel is labeled by the number of the nearest cluster. A binary statistical image of liver is used to extract the potential area that liver might exist in. It is multiplied by the clustered image to get an initial segmented liver. Then region growing (RG) is used to enhance the segmented liver. Finally, mean shift clustering technique is applied to extract the regions of interest in the segmented liver. A set of 38 images, taken in pre-contrast phase, was used for liver segmentation and testing the proposed approach. For evaluation, similarity index measure is used to validate the success of the proposed approach. The experimental results of the proposed approach showed that the overall accuracy offered by the proposed approach, results in 94.08% accuracy.

Since their emergence, biodegradable polymers have revolutionized the biomedical engineering field. Their high biocompatibility, tailorability, versatility along with easy processability, highly nominated these biomaterials for fabricating biodegradable medical implants. The introduction of this biomaterial class led to an astounding change in the concept of the medical implants from traditionally being bioinert to the nowadays bioactive implants that are capable of not only stimulating certain biological responses but also delivering various drugs and bioactive molecules. In that light, this article will present the frontiers of the world of biodegradable polymers and their indispensable applications in the biomedical field.