Informal IS are important., IS in multi-disciplinary, IS as mediating tool (model of an information system), an IS is a social system which has embedded in it information tech., IS begin to evolve and change as soon as they are implemented

Rabbit does from R line selected for growth rate present a low reproductive performance and this study aimed to evaluate both the recovery efficacy and viability of recovered embryos after vitrification and the reproductive performance of donor does subjected to in vivo recovery. Does were divided into three groups: 28 does without in vivo recovery (control), 25 does in which in vivo recovery was started in the nulliparous state (group 1) and 30 does with at least one litter before in vivo recovery (group 2). Does were superovulated with a single subcutaneous injection of 50 IU of equine chorionic gonado- tropin (eCG) per female, and were then artificially inseminated 60 h later and immediately administered an intravenous dose of 75 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) per female. Does from group 1 and 2 were recovered in vivo 76–80 h post- insemination by repeated laparoscopies at one to four times and permitted one or two parturitions between recoveries [in vivo (IV) recovery]. At the end of the experiment, about 16 does of all groups were recovered post-mortem (PM recovery). All normal embryos were vitrified, devitrified and then cultiva- ted in vitro to evaluate the viability after thawing. A significant increase in the ovulation rate was found in does recovered PM than in those recovered IV in the nulliparous state. However, no significant differences were observed in the recovery rate, the donor rate, the number of normal embryos recovered with at least one normal embryo per doe and the viability after thawing between the PM and IV groups. A significant decrease in the fertility rate, total born, live born and weaned kids was found for does from group 1 in comparison with does from group 2. Results support the use of repeated laparoscopy to increase the number of recovered embryos per donor doe especially in suchRline does, if they are permitted to produce at least one litter before the beginning of in vivo recovery.

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo viability of vitrified and non-vitrified embryos derived from eCG and FSH treatments in rabbit does. Ninety-six nulliparous does were randomly subjected to consecutive superovulation treatments with eCG (20 IU/kg body weight intramuscularly (i.m.), eCG group), FSH (3 x 0.6 mg/doe at 24 h intervals i.m., FSH group), or without superovulation treatment (control group). Does were artificially inseminated 3 days later and ovulation was induced immediately by hCG (75 IU/doe intravenous). Seven experimental groups were differentiated: first FSH and eCG treatment, second FSH and eCG treatment, eCG-interchanged group (does with previous FSH treatment), FSH-interchanged group (does with previous eCG treatments) and control group. Embryos were collected in vivo by laparoscopy 76-80 h post-insemination in the first and second recovery cycles and post mortem in the third recovery cycles. The ovulation rate was significantly higher in does treated with the first-FSH than in those treated with eCG or in control does (25.2+/-2.0 versus 19.2+/-1.4 to 11.0+/-1.5, and 12.2+/-1.2, first-FSH, first-eCG to second-eCG and control groups, respectively, P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the total recovery influenced by ovulation rate in each group (20.3+/-2.2 to 9.4+/-1.2, first-FSH to control groups). Embryo donor rate (donor with at least one normal embryo) was similar among groups with an overall of 75.1%. The number of normal embryos recovered per doe with at least one normal embryo increased significantly in relation to ovulation rate (17.7+/-2.2 to 8.41+/-3, first-FSH and control groups). The vitrification of embryos negatively affected their in vitro development to hatched blastocyst in all groups (88.1% versus 48%, P > 0.05). However, after embryo transfer, this negative effect was only observed in superovulated vitrified embryos (16.8 and 12.8% versus 39.4% total born rate from eCG, FSH and control vitrified groups, P < 0.05). Results indicated that the primary treatments with eCG or FSH increased the number of normal embryos recovered per donor doe, but these embryos are more sensitive to vitrification protocols.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of eCG administered subcu- taneously (0, 50 and 200 IU) and the hormonal induction of ovulation (GnRH or hCG) on embryo recovery and in vitro development of embryos post-vitrification in two selected lines of rabbit does. The two selected lines were line V (selected for the litter size at weaning) and line R (selected for growth rate). Administration of 200 IU of eCG significantly increased ovulation rate (19.2±1.2 ver- sus 15.5±1.1 and 12.2±1.3, and the number of haemorrhagic follicles (13.8±1.6 versus 3.8±1.4 and 3.8±1.7), but significantly decreased recovery rate (28.8±6.3 versus 47.7±5.7 and 48.7±6.7, 200 IU versus 50 IU and 0 IU eCG, respectively), the number of normal embryos recovered per doe with at least one embryo (5.8±0.9 versus 8.2±0.9, 200 IU versus 50 IU eCG doses) and the in vitro development of embryos post-vitrification (51.9% versus 66.1%, 200 IU versus 50 IU eCG doses, re- spectively). Inducing ovulation with hCG significantly increased ovulation rate when compared with GnRH (17.3±0.8 versus 13.8±1.4), but no significant differences in embryo recovery and embryo development post-vitrification were observed between the two treatments. No significant differences were observed between the two selected lines in ovulation and recovery rates, the number of haem- orrhagic follicles and the number of recovered embryos per doe. However, the post-vitrification in vitro rate of development was 59.7% for line R and 51.9% for line V (p<0.05). It was concluded that the use of 50 IU of eCG subcutaneous with hCG or GnRH prior to embryo cryopreservation programmes in rabbits achieves the best results for embryo recovery, with the best development of recovered embryos post-vitrification.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of different freezing extenders against
cryopreservation injuries on rabbit sperms of 2 lines selected for hyper-prolificacy (H) and longevity (L).
Ejaculates were collected and pooled from ten sexually mature rabbit bucks per each line. A total number
of 196 pooled semen ejaculates per line were used to evaluate post-thawing semen by 252 artificial
inseminations using White New Zealand rabbit does. Semen was equally divided into 3 volumes and
diluted (1:1) with different TRIS-citric acid based extenders (A, B and C). In extender A, 3 M dimethyl
sulfoxide and 0.1 M sucrose were added as cryoprotectants. For extender B, the sucrose in extender A was
replaced by 20% egg-yolk, and for extender C, the TRIS-based extender was supplemented with 2 M
acetamide and 20% egg-yolk. No interaction effect was detected between rabbit line and semen extender
on studied traits. Moreover, no significant differences were detected between H- and L-lines for all traits
except for prolificacy that was higher in L- line (6.04 vs. 4.37 young born at birth, respectively). However,
freezing semen with extender A and B showed better post-thawing semen quality characteristics, fertility
and prolificacy than frozen semen with extender C. It could be concluded that extenders A and B are
preferable for freezing semen of H- and L-rabbit lines than extender C to obtain higher fertility and
prolificacy. A moderate and interesting relationship was found between acrosomal integrity of frozen
semen and fertility rate. (r=0.17; P=0.04).