The ciliopathy Joubert syndrome is marked by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, a phenotype for which the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. To investigate Joubert syndrome pathogenesis, we have examined mice with mutated Ahi1, the first identified Joubert syndrome-associated gene. These mice show cerebellar hypoplasia with a vermis-midline fusion defect early in development. This defect is concomitant with expansion of the roof plate and is also evident in a mouse mutant for another Joubert syndrome-associated gene, Cep290. Furthermore, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human subjects with Joubert syndrome reveals a similar midline cleft, suggesting parallel pathogenic mechanisms. Previous evidence has suggested a role for Jouberin (Jbn), the protein encoded by Ahi1, in canonical Wnt signaling. Consistent with this, we found decreased Wnt reporter activity at the site of hemisphere fusion in the developing cerebellum of Ahi1-mutant mice. This decrease was accompanied by reduced proliferation at the site of fusion. Finally, treatment with lithium, a Wnt pathway agonist, partially rescued this phenotype. Our findings implicate a defect in Wnt signaling in the cerebellar midline phenotype seen in Joubert syndrome that can be overcome with Wnt stimulation.

Informal IS are important., IS in multi-disciplinary, IS as mediating tool (model of an information system), an IS is a social system which has embedded in it information tech., IS begin to evolve and change as soon as they are implemented

Building an information system is a complex process, influenced by many factors, both internal and external. and it pass through different phases starting by planning phase until implementation and operational phase . Each phase should be considered by several elements such as: criteria, constraints, and other changes related to these elements.
And The outputs of the information system should deliver expected results that achieve the requirement and also meet the budget, schedule and also scope.

The performance management process provides an opportunity for the employee and
Performance manager to discuss development goals and jointly create a plan for achieving the goals.
And of course we cannot mange without measure
So we need a performance measurement tools that can ensure the Success of information system. And performance indicators are consider one of theses tools
The Performance indicators save the information systems project from failure that can occurs during the life cycle.
The absent of the Performance indicators may be accuse in wasting the time and effort .and lately we discover that the information system not achieve the organization strategy .and not meet the functional and non functional requirements or the system not meets the scope, budget ,schedule and
That of course make a project fails .so we need Performance indicators in each phase of IS life cycle to measure what we achieved and what not in each phase.
The objective of this research is to study in details what the Performance indicators is and what is its advantage and its tools.
And then find a suitable Performance indicators for the information system project life cycle and also find the Performance indicators that measure if the IS achieve the organization strategy or not.

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