The paper deals with the design of resilient networks that are fault tolerant against link failures. Usually,
fault tolerance is achieved by providing backup paths, which are used in case of an edge failure on a primary path. We consider this task as a multiobjective optimization problem: to provide resilience in networks while minimizing the cost subject to capacity constraint. We propose a stochastic approach,
which can generate multiple Pareto solutions in a single run. The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated by considering several network design problems using a single weighted average of objectives and a direct multiobjective optimization approach using the Pareto dominance concept.

In this work a new algorithm inspired by the self organizing maps combined with evolutionary algorithms is lined up. A neuron in the map is not evolving by itself but it is the result of the application of an evolutionary algorithm during a set of iterations. This idea really helps to increasing the performance of both self organizing maps and evolutionary algorithms while considered individually. The experiments performed in this research envisage test functions having a single criteria but a high number of dimensions. Comparisons with four other well known metaheuristics for optimization (such as differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing) show the performance and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Seventeen microsatellite loci were used to identify the phylogenetic relationship among four Egyptian breeds and one Spanish line of rabbits. A total of 114 bucks rabbits belonging to four Egyptian breeds -Black Baladi (EBB), Gabali (EG), Red Baladi (ERB) and White Giza (EWG)- and Spanish White New Zealand line from Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (NZW) were studied. All microsatellite loci typed were polymorphic. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.41, ranging from 2 to 12. A total of 16 private alleles were found in 7 out of 17 microsatellite loci used. Mean observed heterozygosity was 0.527, ranging from 0.477 in the NZW breed to 0.581 in the EWG. Lower values for Ho were found for all populations. The inbreeding coefficient of individuals relative to the total population (FIT) was 0.279. The overall within-population heterozygote deficit (FIS) was 0.165, ranging from 0.045 in NZW breed to 0.266 in EBB breed. The overall variation between population (FST) was 0.137, where the NZW breed showed the most differentiated population (FST = 0.194). The Neighbour-Joining tree of the Reynolds genetic distances (DR) among populations shows a clear separation of the Spanish population (NZW) from the Egyptians breeds and there is a population mixture in the Egyptian populations. Only the ERB may to cluster in one independent population.

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Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) confer a significant risk of disability and poor quality of life, though fatigue, an important contributing factor, remains under-reported in these individuals. We aimed to compare and analyze differences in visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0-10 cm) for fatigue (VAS-F) in patients with IIMs, non-IIM systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs), and healthy controls (HCs). We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) international patient self-reported e-survey. The COVAD survey was circulated from December 2020 to August 2021, and details including demographics, COVID-19 history, vaccination details, SAID details, global health, and functional status were collected from adult patients having received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Fatigue experienced 1 week prior to survey completion was assessed using a single-item 10 cm VAS. Determinants of fatigue were analyzed in regression models. Six thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight respondents (mean age 43.8 years, 72% female; 55% White) were included in the analysis. The overall VAS-F score was 3 (IQR 1-6). Patients with IIMs had similar fatigue scores (5, IQR 3-7) to non-IIM SAIDs [5 (IQR 2-7)], but higher compared to HCs (2, IQR 1-5; P < 0.001), regardless of disease activity. In adjusted analysis, higher VAS-F scores were seen in females (reference female; coefficient -0.17; 95%CI -0.21 to -13; P < 0.001) and Caucasians (reference Caucasians; coefficient -0.22; 95%CI -0.30 to -0.14; P < 0.001 for Asians and coefficient -0.08; 95%CI -0.13 to 0.30; P = 0.003 for Hispanics) in our cohort. Our study found that patients with IIMs exhibit considerable fatigue, similar to other SAIDs and higher than healthy individuals. Women and Caucasians experience greater fatigue scores, allowing identification of stratified groups for optimized multidisciplinary care and improve outcomes such as quality of life.

Tumor progression is dependent on neoangiogenesis for blood supply. Neovasculature over-express ?v?3 integrins which recognize the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the extracellularmatrix.N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers containing side chains terminated in cyclic RGD analogs such as RGDfK show increased accumulation in prostate tumors. Geldanamycin and their derivatives (e.g., aminohexylgeldanamycin (AH-GDM)) are benzoquinone ansamycins that have both antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. In this work the antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of targetable HPMA copolymer-RGDfK-AH-GDM conjugates were compared with nontargetable systems in vitro and in vivo. Copolymer-drug conjugates containing RGDfK in the side chains showed superior activity against endothelial and prostate cancer cell lines in vitro, aswell as higher inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo. At equimolar doses of the drug, the RGDfK containing conjugates showed significantly higher antitumor activity in nude mice bearing DU-145 human prostate cancer xenografts. These findings suggest the utility of HPMA copolymer-RGDfK conjugates for targeted delivery of geldanamycin analogs with a dual mode of action.