many processes in RA and KA are almost identical, one area can benefit from developments in the other

MUCH work has already been carried out on the treatment of mice infected with schistosomes. It has been observed that the worms which normally inhabit the mesenteric veins of animals infected with Schistosoma mansoni are forced to migrate to the liver after treatment with active schistosomicidal drugs1–6. This hepatic shift has usually been observed after a full course of treatment, and where the course had been inadequate, relapses were found to occur owing to the re-migration of the worms back to the mesenteric veins. Standen6observed a hepatic shift as early as one day following two oral doses of 42 mgm./ kgm. sodium antimonyl III gluconate, but after 7 days the worms were completely restored to their normal distribution in the hepatic portal system. In the work reported here we followed up the effect of a single dose of tartar emetic on the worm migration to show that the hepatic shift actually occurs much earlier than had been previously expected

Intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator is the only proven acute therapy for ischemic stroke. This therapy has not been translated into clinical practice in the developing world primarily due to economic constraints. Streptokinase, a lower cost alternative thrombolytic agent, is widely available in developing countries where it is utilized to treat patients with acute coronary syndromes. Although this drug has previously been found to be ineffective in ischemic stroke, the lack of benefit may have been related to a number of factors related to trial design rather than the drug itself. Specific features of prior trial designs that may have adversely affected outcomes include a prolonged treatment window, inclusion of patients with established infarction on computed tomography scan, failure to treat excessive arterial pressures, a fixed dose of streptokinase, and concomitant use of antithrombotic medications. Given the lack of therapeutic alternatives in developing countries, a new trial of streptokinase in acute stroke, utilizing stricter inclusion criteria similar to those in more recent thrombolytic studies, appears warranted.

Sequence stratigraphic analysis has been used to support the reservoir geological modeling of the Upper Cretaceous succession of the Arshad area, Sirt Basin, Libya. Four major sedimentary cycles (1–4) can be distinguished in the succession of the Arshad area which can be related to the standard Mesozoic cycle charts. These cycles are bounded by five sequence boundaries (SB types 1 and 2). Sedimentary cycle number 1 is represented by retrogradational patterns (shale and minor carbonates) at the base of the Arshad Formation, which pinch out to the south. Sedimentary cycle number 2 comprises a prograding pattern in the lower part (Arshad Formation) passing upward into retrograding patterns of the Sirte Formation in the upper part. This cycle includes reworked clastics of the underlying (Cambro-Ordovician) Gargaf Formation. These sandstone-dominated shallow-marine facies include the principal hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the study area. The sedimentary cycles nos. 3 and 4 are composed mainly of shales and limestones (Sirte and Kalash formations), representing the main hydrocarbon source rocks and cap rocks for the underlying sandstone reservoirs in the Sirt Basin. These sediments trace the sea level changes, and increasing water depth above the major Hercynian sequence boundary. These sedimentary cycles are affected by syn-depositional tectonics which control the distribution of the hydrocarbon-bearing sands plus post-depositional changes (diagenesis) which affect the reservoir quality and performance (porosity-permeability relationship).