In last few years many approaches have been proposed to detect communities in social networks using diverse ways. Community detection is one of the important researches in social networks and graph analysis. This paper presents a cuckoo search optimization algorithm with Lévy flight for community detection in social networks. Experimental on well-known benchmark data sets demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can define the structure and detect communities of complex networks with high accuracy and quality. In addition, the proposed algorithm is compared with some swarms algorithms including discrete bat algorithm, artificial fish swarm, discrete Krill Herd, ant lion algorithm and lion optimization algorithm and the results show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with these algorithms.

Abstract The interest in the oxo-enol tautomerism of 1,3-dioxo compounds is justified by their usefulness in many synthetic fields. A series of new 1,3-bis(1-adamantyl)propan-1,3-diones with a variably substituted phenyl ring at the \{C2\} position was prepared either by the reaction of an appropriate Grignard reagent with adamatane-1-carbonyl chloride or by \{SEAr\} on the unsubstituted 1,3-bis(1-adamantyl)-2-phenylpropan-1,3-dione. In addition to the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of three of the prepared compounds, the experimental 1H and 13C NMR, İR\} and Raman spectroscopic data were assigned and compared to those obtained by \{DFT\} computations. In the solid state, the syn-dioxo forms were exclusively observed, which are shown to also predominate in \{CHCl3\} solutions. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface revealed that H⋯H and O⋯H contacts dominate the intermolecular interactions in the solid state, whereas π⋯π stacking plays a marginal role.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the fastest growing technologies in the world. Its ability to analyze spatial data is impressive. Data is the backbone of GIS because its quality range affects the results of the application so one of the most important problems in GIS is how to choose the GIS (data), which suits the application requirements and user needs exactly and in the best way among set of data to avoid wrong outputs and any lose in time and money