Climate change-induced global warming results in rises in body temperatures above normal physiological levels (hyperthermia) with negative impacts on reproductive function in dairy and beef animals. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), commonly described as nano-sized, lipid-enclosed complexes, harnessed with a plethora of bioactive cargoes (RNAs, proteins, and lipids), are crucial to regulating processes like folliculogenesis and the initiation of different signaling pathways. The beneficial role of follicular fluid-derived EVs in inducing thermotolerance to oocytes during in vitro maturation has been evidenced. Here we aimed to determine the capacity of in vitro cultured granulosa cell-derived EVs (GC-EVs) to modulate bovine oocytes' thermotolerance to heat stress (HS) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Moreover, this study tested the hypothesis that EVs released from thermally stressed GCs (S-EVs) shuttle protective messages to provide protection against subsequent HS in bovine oocytes. For this, sub-populations of GC-EVs were generated from GCs subjected to 38.5°C (N-EVs) or 41°C (S-EVs) and supplemented to cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in vitro at the normal physiological body temperature of the cow (38.5°C) or HS (41°C) conditions. Results indicate that S-EVs improve the survival of oocytes by reducing ROS accumulation, improving mitochondrial function, and suppressing the expression of stress-associated genes thereby reducing the severity of HS on oocytes. Moreover, our findings indicate a carryover impact from the addition of GC-EVs during oocyte maturation in the development to the blastocyst stage with enhanced viability.

Anodization of TiB2 monolith rather than Ti0 was employed to prepare boron-doped TiO2 photoelectrochemical (PEC) anode and nanocrystals. The anodization behavior of TiB2 was found to be dependent on the orientation of the crystals and F− ions in the electrolyte. TiB2 orientating in [100] direction after anodization in the presence of F− formed a porous TiO2 layer that can be used as a PEC anode, while TiB2 with exposed (001) facets produced a gel containing Ti species in the electrolyte. The PEC anode or nanocrystals from the gel after hydrothermal treatment was boron-doped TiO2 showing superior photocatalytic performance over the counterpart from Ti0 foil for water splitting or Degussa P25 catalyst for dye degradation, respectively. The anodization of conductive ceramic monolith was demonstrated to be a way of preparing doped semiconductors for enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Nowadays, the use of e-learning techniques and methods is a very important challenge due to the
importance of digital transformation to all countries. Firstly, the spread of the COVID-19 virus all over the world.
Secondly, all students need to study their courses remotely from home to reduce the communication with others to
save their life. All teachers need to engage their students effectively to study an online course, get more knowledge
and high results at the end of these courses. Data mining is the best tool used to find a hidden pattern. We used an
educational data mining tool to help teachers find the pros and cons of using an e-learning course with their
students. We need to classify students on these online courses according to their ability to understand materials and
quizzes, or assessment methods of the course, by making adaptive e-learning courses. In this paper, we will show
the importance of using adaptive e-learning courses and the challenges faced by authors to build these systems, and
we will list the different methods used with adaptive learning like gamification, brain-hex models, facial emotions,
and we will also list a survey about other authors' techniques and methods used to find the student's learner style.
We build a new proposed model of ILOs(Intended Learning Outcomes) adaptive learning with the emotion-based
system to let the system find the student's learning style and build the material according to their skills and
knowledge outcomes from the course and engage the use of facial emotion while taking the quiz to predict the
student's results and the topics he/she needs to study more via our system to achieve high grades and knowledge.
Our system finds that the visual students have the highest grades with 75%, followed by kinesthetic with 70% and
the lowest grades in auditory with 50%.

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

INTRODUCTION: Globally, it is estimated that 290,000 patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) died from hepatitis C consequences, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in 2019. Although daclatasvir (DCV), combined with sofosbuvir (SOF), is effective in HCV patients, the new pan-genotypic combinations are considered by many as more cost-effective and successful in eradicating HCV infection.

AREAS COVERED: This review discusses the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of DCV as an HCV treatment option based on real-world studies and pharmacoeconomic evaluations.

EXPERT OPINION: Real-life studies suggest that SOF/DCV has acceptable sustained virological response and can be used successfully to manage HCV. Nonetheless, the use of SOF/DCV is limited by the longer treatment duration in genotype (GT)-3 patients and the need for ribavirin (RBV) in treatment-experienced patients which increases the likelihood of adverse effects. DCV is likely to remain as a therapeutic option for the management of GT-1, GT-2, and GT-4 patients in resource limited settings, while GT-3 patients are more likely to benefit from RBV-free direct-acting antiviral combinations such as SOF/velpatasvir for 12 weeks or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 weeks. The introduction of generics for these new pan-genotypic drugs would likely eliminate the need for SOF/DCV in the near future.

PURPOSE: To evaluate differences in the subjective aniseikonia and stereoacuity in patients with axial anisometropia after full correction of the refractive error with spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery.

METHODS: A prospective study was performed in Cairo University Hospitals on 20 patients with axial anisometropia caused by unilateral myopia > 5 D with > 4 D inter-ocular difference in spherical equivalent who were suitable candidates for excimer laser ablation (LASIK) or implantable collamer lens implantation (ICL). All patients had measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fusion, stereoacuity, and magnitude of aniseikonia with spectacles, contact lenses, and after surgery.

RESULTS: The mean age at time of surgery was 25.7 ± 3.1 years. There were no statistically significant differences in the BCVA or stereoacuity with spectacles, contact lenses, or after refractive surgery. Microkonia < 5%) was perceived with spectacles in 8 patients (40%) and remained unchanged in 7 of these 8 patients with contact lenses. Following LASIK (n = 11), there was an induced macrokonia < 2% in 4 patients (36%), persistent microkonia of 3% in 1 patient (9%), and no change in image size in 6 (55%) patients. Following ICL implantation (n = 9), there was a perceived macrokonia of 2% in 4 patients (44%), disappearance of microkonia in 1 patient (11%) and no change in 4 patients (44%).

CONCLUSIONS: Differences in BCVA, stereoacuity, and aniseikonia after correction of anisometropia by glasses, contact lens and surgery are both clinically and statistically insignificant. Retinal or neural adaptation might have a role in correction for differences in image size.