The myth behind the aetiology and efforts towards treatment and prevention of breast cancer were always present since antiquity. Two Egyptian papyruses, written approximately 1600 B.C. are concerned with the disease, the Edwin Smith Papyrus and the Ebers Papyrus. The first includes a case (no. 45) of bulging tumour of the breast recorded in lines 9 to 20 of the reproduction: If thou examinest a man having bulging tumours on his breast, (and) thou findest that (swellings) have spread over the breast; if thou puttest thy hand upon his breast upon these tumours, (and) thou findest them very cool, there being no fever at all therein when thy hand touches him, they have no granulation, they form no fluid, and they are bulging to thy hand, thou should say concerning him one having bulging tumours. An ailment with which I will attend. There is no (treatment). © 2006 Springer.

The main objective of this research is three fold; to analyze the status of CU since its founding as the flagship university of Egypt; to establish its standing in research and capacity building, and to identify its influence and impact on the development of the higher education sector in Egypt and beyond. The research methodology was a desk review of data from a wide range of relevant sources, verification of its integrity, and analysis and discussion of its implications. A secondary and noteworthy source of information was interviews and private communications with approximately 25 graduates of Cairo University (CU) whose professional careers have positioned them to comment insightfully and knowledgeably on higher education in Egypt and on CU’s role in particular.

Provide a comprehensive overview about anatomy and physiology of the heart, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) definition, history, physiological effects, timing and timing errors, indications and contraindications, complications and nursing care of the patient undergoing IABP therapy. Thesis study aims to assess nurses' knowledge and practices regarding care of patients connected to Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump at selected Intensive Care Units. finally, findings of the current study, discusses nursing implications and ends with recommendation for further study.